Changes

The plan expressed of Wilsonian idealism in foreign policy, that is,  "[[Wilsonianism]]."  The goal was to identify the main underlying causes of war in the entire world, and to eliminate or minimize them. The first five points were broad in scope: open diplomacy; freedom of the seas; the beating down of economic barriers; the reduction of armament; and the adjustment of colonial  claims on a fair basis. There followed Wilson's formulas for applying justice to specific countries or areas. The 14th point was a declaration in favor of an Association of Nations (or [[League of Nations]]) to resolve unexpected future conflicts and thus guarantee world peace.  In three followup addresses, Wilson set forth elaborations, clarifications and new point, bringing the total proposals to twenty-three.<ref>Bailey (1947) pp 23ff</ref>  

The plan expressed of Wilsonian idealism in foreign policy, that is,  "[[Wilsonianism]]."  The goal was to identify the main underlying causes of war in the entire world, and to eliminate or minimize them. The first five points were broad in scope: open diplomacy; freedom of the seas; the beating down of economic barriers; the reduction of armament; and the adjustment of colonial  claims on a fair basis. There followed Wilson's formulas for applying justice to specific countries or areas. The 14th point was a declaration in favor of an Association of Nations (or [[League of Nations]]) to resolve unexpected future conflicts and thus guarantee world peace.  In three followup addresses, Wilson set forth elaborations, clarifications and new point, bringing the total proposals to twenty-three.<ref>Bailey (1947) pp 23ff</ref>  

Wilson sought  a just and lasting peace; no bartering of ethnic groups; the satisfaction of legitimate national aspirations; honorable international dealing; the destruction of arbitrary militarism; and territorial adjustments in the interests of the peoples concerned, or "self determination." He was vague on the rights of minority groups in areas where self-determination would be controlled by ethnic majorities.

Wilson sought  a just and lasting peace; no bartering of ethnic groups; the satisfaction of legitimate national aspirations; honorable international dealing; the destruction of arbitrary [[militarism]]; and territorial adjustments in the interests of the peoples concerned, or "self determination." He was vague on the rights of minority groups in areas where self-determination would be controlled by ethnic majorities.

Wilson was most of all committed to a League of Nations, a peace agency that would be able to use force to preserve territorial integrity and political independence among large and small nations alike. The speech was highly idealistic, translating Wilson's progressive ideals of democracy, self-determination, open agreements, and free trade into the international realm.  Much of the speech was drafted by aide [[Walter Lippmann]]. It made several suggestions for specific disputes in Europe on the recommendation of Wilson's foreign policy advisor, [[Colonel House]], and his team of 150 advisors known as “The Inquiry.”  Politically, he made a serious blunder by not seeking advice from Republican leaders in his policy formulation; some of them, such as [[William Howard Taft]], had very similar goals in mind and could have forestalled the partisanship that caused Wilson trouble in 1919 and led to American refusal to join the league,  

Wilson was most of all committed to a League of Nations, a peace agency that would be able to use force to preserve territorial integrity and political independence among large and small nations alike. The speech was highly idealistic, translating Wilson's progressive ideals of democracy, self-determination, open agreements, and free trade into the international realm.  Much of the speech was drafted by aide [[Walter Lippmann]]. It made several suggestions for specific disputes in Europe on the recommendation of Wilson's foreign policy advisor, [[Colonel House]], and his team of 150 advisors known as “The Inquiry.”  Politically, he made a serious blunder by not seeking advice from Republican leaders in his policy formulation; some of them, such as [[William Howard Taft]], had very similar goals in mind and could have forestalled the partisanship that caused Wilson trouble in 1919 and led to American refusal to join the league,