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→Mackinder
==Eurasian Balkans==
==Eurasian Balkans==
===Mackinder===
===Mackinder===
The manifesto is most notable for introducing Brzezinski's "Eurasian Balkans" theory, an updated version of the earlier "Eurasian Heartland" theory introduced by British geostrategist Halford Mackinder in his 1904 essay ''The Geographical Pivot of History''.<ref>https://www.iwp.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/20131016_MackinderTheGeographicalJournal.pdf</ref> Mackinder's version of this theory in turn played a significant role in the development of the [[foreign policy|foreign policies]] of the [[Third Reich]], [[Cold War]]-era [[United States of America|America]], and post-Cold War [[Russia]].<ref>https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2019/01/halford-mackinder-father-geopolitics</ref><ref>https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2000/12/james-burnham-the-first-cold-warrior/</ref><ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/27/geopolitics-russia-mackinder-eurasia-heartland-dugin-ukraine-eurasianism-manifest-destiny-putin/</ref>
The manifesto is most notable for introducing [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]]'s "Eurasian Balkans" theory, an updated version of the earlier "Eurasian Heartland" theory introduced by British geostrategist Halford Mackinder in his 1904 essay ''The Geographical Pivot of History''.<ref>https://www.iwp.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/20131016_MackinderTheGeographicalJournal.pdf</ref> Mackinder's version of this theory in turn played a significant role in the development of the [[foreign policy|foreign policies]] of the [[Third Reich]], [[Cold War]]-era [[United States of America|America]], and post-Cold War [[Russia]].<ref>https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2019/01/halford-mackinder-father-geopolitics</ref><ref>https://americandiplomacy.web.unc.edu/2000/12/james-burnham-the-first-cold-warrior/</ref><ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/27/geopolitics-russia-mackinder-eurasia-heartland-dugin-ukraine-eurasianism-manifest-destiny-putin/</ref>
The "Eurasian Balkans" theory is elaborated upon primarily in the manifesto's second and fifth chapters. It emphasizes the existence of an "oblong" of instability stretching from northern [[Kazakhstan]] in the north; the [[Horn of Africa]] in the south; western [[East Turkestan (Country)|Xinjiang]] in the east; and the southeastern [[Balkans]] in the west.<ref>Brzezinski 53, 124.</ref> At the center of this "oblong" is a
The "Eurasian Balkans" theory is elaborated upon primarily in the manifesto's second and fifth chapters. It emphasizes the existence of an "oblong" of instability stretching from northern [[Kazakhstan]] in the north; the [[Horn of Africa]] in the south; western [[East Turkestan (Country)|Xinjiang]] in the east; and the southeastern [[Balkans]] in the west.<ref>Brzezinski 53, 124.</ref> At the center of this "oblong" is a