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Three people familiar with the operation said [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] was closely involved in all stages of planning. A [[US]] official said Ukraine selected the targets for long-range strikes and Washington then provided intelligence on the sites vulnerabilities.<ref>https://archive.is/U9oz1#selection-1885.0-1885.45</ref>}}
 
Three people familiar with the operation said [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] was closely involved in all stages of planning. A [[US]] official said Ukraine selected the targets for long-range strikes and Washington then provided intelligence on the sites vulnerabilities.<ref>https://archive.is/U9oz1#selection-1885.0-1885.45</ref>}}
 
On October 23, 2025 a Turkish Air Force E-7T AWACS aircraft and a US Navy P-8A anti-submarine plane were recorded flying. On October 24, a French E-3F AWACS aircraft and an Atlantic 2 anti-submarine plane operated in the [[Black Sea]]. And on October 25, for the first time in a month, an American RQ-4B drone arrived, last recorded in the Black Sea on September 18.
 
On October 23, 2025 a Turkish Air Force E-7T AWACS aircraft and a US Navy P-8A anti-submarine plane were recorded flying. On October 24, a French E-3F AWACS aircraft and an Atlantic 2 anti-submarine plane operated in the [[Black Sea]]. And on October 25, for the first time in a month, an American RQ-4B drone arrived, last recorded in the Black Sea on September 18.
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====Attacks on Russian refineries===
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The fall of 2025 was marked by large-scale [[AFU]] attacks on Russian oil refineries: while there were about 30 attacks throughout 2024, the NATo/Ukraine conducted over 60 raids on oil processing facilities in late 2025. Targets included enterprises even in the Perm Region and Orenburg Region, more than 1000 km from the line of contact. Some oil refineries were attacked multiple times — the Volgograd, Ryazan, and Novokuybyshevsk refineries were hit 5 to 7 times.
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The result was rising fuel prices and shortages in southern regions. However, the situation generally stabilized by November 2025, as evident from fuel prices.
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Jet fuel prices showed records in August 2024, reaching 84,000 rubles per ton. By November 10, 2025, the wholesale price per ton of fuel had dropped by ~7% to ~78,500 rubles. Since October 26, 2025 the exchange price per ton of regular automobile octane gasoline fell by ~13% — from 74,218 to 64,852 rubles/ton largely due to the end of the harvest season, during which fuel traditionally becomes more expensive. Shortages were avoided by redirecting part of crude oil to refineries deep in the rear, reducing the impact of "seasonal factors" and applying various administrative measures.
    
===NATO attacks itself===
 
===NATO attacks itself===
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