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'''Kapustin Yar''' (''Russian: Капустин Яр English: Cabbage ravine'') is one of [[Russia]]'s oldest and most significant [[military]] rocket and [[missile]] test ranges. Established by the [[Soviet Union]] on May 13, 1946, it served as the country's first major site for testing captured German [[V-2]] (A-4) rockets starting in October 1947, marking the beginning of the Soviet [[ballistic missile]] and space programs.

'''Kapustin Yar''' (''Russian: Капустин Яр; English: Cabbage ravine'') is one of [[Russia]]'s oldest and most significant [[military]] rocket and [[missile]] test ranges. Established by the [[Soviet Union]] on May 13, 1946, it served as the country's first major site for testing captured German [[V-2]] (A-4) rockets starting in October 1947, marking the beginning of the Soviet [[ballistic missile]] and space programs.

Located in Astrakhan Oblast, roughly 100 km east of [[Volgograd]] (formerly [[Stalingrad]]), the site spans a vast area in the steppe region. Nearby settlements like Znamensk (a closed town) and an associated air base support operations. It has been known as the 4th State Central Interservice Test Range (GTsP-4) and has hosted thousands of launches, including early Soviet missiles (R-1, R-2, R-5, etc.), smaller satellite launches (e.g., Kosmos series), and various modern systems.

Located in Astrakhan Oblast, roughly 100 km east of [[Volgograd]] (formerly [[Stalingrad]]), the site spans a vast area in the steppe region. Nearby settlements like Znamensk (a closed town) and an associated air base support operations. It has been known as the 4th State Central Interservice Test Range (GTsP-4) and has hosted thousands of launches, including early Soviet missiles (R-1, R-2, R-5, etc.), smaller satellite launches (e.g., Kosmos series), and various modern systems.