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'''Ohio''' has 17 [[Electoral College]] votes in the [[2024 presidential election]], and for decades has been a [[battleground state|battleground]] "[[Rust Belt]]" state. Ohio is located in the [[Midwest]]ern region of the [[United States]], which on March 1, 1803, became the seventeenth state; its capital city -- [[Columbus (city)|Columbus]] -- is the second largest city in the [[Midwest]] after [[Chicago]].  Other large cities in Ohio include [[Cincinnati]] and [[Cleveland]], where the 2016 [[Republican National Convention]] was held. Ohio borders the states of [[Indiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Michigan]], and [[West Virginia]]. The current [[Governors of Ohio|governor of Ohio]] is the [[RINO]] [[Mike DeWine]], while its legislature (the "General Assembly") is more [[conservative]]. 63 out of the 88 Ohio counties voted against the [[pro-abortion]] [[Ohio Issue 1]].<ref>https://www.wcpo.com/news/government/elections-local/map-heres-how-counties-in-ohio-voted-on-the-issue-1-reproductive-rights-amendment</ref>

'''Ohio''' has 17 [[Electoral College]] votes in the [[2024 presidential election]], and for decades has been a [[battleground state|battleground]] "[[Rust Belt]]" state. Ohio is located in the [[Midwest]]ern region of the [[United States]], which on March 1, 1803, became the seventeenth state; its capital city -- [[Columbus (city)|Columbus]] -- is the second largest city in the [[Midwest]] after [[Chicago]].  Other large cities in Ohio include [[Cincinnati]] and [[Cleveland]], where the 2016 [[Republican National Convention]] was held. Ohio borders the states of [[Indiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Michigan]], and [[West Virginia]]. The current [[Governors of Ohio|governor of Ohio]] is the [[RINO]] [[Mike DeWine]], while its legislature (the "General Assembly") is more [[conservative]]. 63 out of the 88 Ohio counties voted against the [[pro-abortion]] [[Ohio Issue 1]].<ref>https://www.wcpo.com/news/government/elections-local/map-heres-how-counties-in-ohio-voted-on-the-issue-1-reproductive-rights-amendment</ref>

Factors shifting [[Ohio]] to be more [[conservative]] than neighboring [[Michigan]] and [[Pennsylvania]] include:

Factors shifting Ohio to be more [[conservative]] than neighboring [[Michigan]] and [[Pennsylvania]] include:

*a higher rate of weekly church attendance than, for example, its rival [[Michigan]]<ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/religious-landscape-study/database/compare/attendance-at-religious-services/by/state/</ref>

*a higher rate of weekly church attendance than, for example, its rival [[Michigan]]<ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/religious-landscape-study/database/compare/attendance-at-religious-services/by/state/</ref>

*a booming [[Amish]] community, which influences many others

*a booming [[Amish]] community, which influences many others

Since 1940, fiscal conservatism has been a hallmark of Ohio leaders, including such Republican governors as John Bricker, Thomas Herbert, and C. William O’Neill, as well as some Democrats, notably Martin Davey and [[Frank Lausche]]. Especially in the small towns and cities, voters expressed low-tax, low-spending, and pro-business sentiments.  

Since 1940, fiscal conservatism has been a hallmark of Ohio leaders, including such Republican governors as John Bricker, Thomas Herbert, and C. William O’Neill, as well as some Democrats, notably Martin Davey and [[Frank Lausche]]. Especially in the small towns and cities, voters expressed low-tax, low-spending, and pro-business sentiments.  

Michael V. DiSalle, a Democrat elected in 1958, tried to convert Ohio to high spending but angered the taxpayers after one term.<ref>Richard G. Zimmerman, ''Call Me Mike: A Political Biography of Michael V. DiSalle'' (2003)</ref> He was defeated by Republican [[James A. Rhodes]] (1909-2001), who branded DiSalle "Tax Hike Mike" and went on to become Ohio's longest-serving governor (1962–70 and 1974–82).  Rhodes eliminated or cut back the wasteful programs and concentrated instead on building airports, state office buildings, prisons, and other public structures. Rhodes lowered taxes on small business owners, thereby building up the economy while increasing funding to schools and universities.  

Michael V. DiSalle, a Democrat elected in 1958, tried to convert Ohio to high spending but angered the taxpayers after one term.<ref>Richard G. Zimmerman, ''Call Me Mike: A Political Biography of Michael V. DiSalle'' (2003)</ref> He was defeated by Republican [[James A. Rhodes]] (1909–2001), who branded DiSalle "Tax Hike Mike" and went on to become Ohio's longest-serving governor (1962–70 and 1974–82).  Rhodes eliminated or cut back the wasteful programs and concentrated instead on building airports, state office buildings, prisons, and other public structures. Rhodes lowered taxes on small business owners, thereby building up the economy while increasing funding to schools and universities.  

Democrat Richard F. Celeste was defeated by Rhodes in 1978, but won the governorship in 1982 and defeated Rhodes's comeback effort in 1986.  Celeste sought to increase state funding to education, health services, and welfare programs; with the legislature under liberal control, he increased the state income tax by 90%. A referendum to overturn the tax increase failed, but in 1984, voters returned the Ohio Senate to Republican control.

Democrat Richard F. Celeste was defeated by Rhodes in 1978, but won the governorship in 1982 and defeated Rhodes's comeback effort in 1986.  Celeste sought to increase state funding to education, health services, and welfare programs; with the legislature under liberal control, he increased the state income tax by 90%. A referendum to overturn the tax increase failed, but in 1984, voters returned the Ohio Senate to Republican control.

* Johnson, Tom L.  ''My Story'' (1993), reform mayor of Cleveland

* Johnson, Tom L.  ''My Story'' (1993), reform mayor of Cleveland

* Saxbe, William B. and Franklin, Peter D.  ''I've Seen the Elephant: An Autobiography.'' (2000). 267 pp. Saxbe was a politician and US Senator, 1946-74

* Saxbe, William B. and Franklin, Peter D.  ''I've Seen the Elephant: An Autobiography.'' (2000). 267 pp. Saxbe was a politician and US Senator, 1946-74

* Shriver, Phillip R., Jr. and Clarence E. Wunderlin, eds. ''Documentary Heritage Of Ohio'' (2001)

* Shriver, Phillip R. Jr. and Clarence E. Wunderlin, eds. ''Documentary Heritage Of Ohio'' (2001)

==See also==

==See also==