Changes

Between 1975 and 2014, Chile followed the path of the [[free market]] and [[Capitalism]] been the best place to make business of [[Latin America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iberglobal.com/files/2019-1/economic_freedom_index_2019.pdf|title=Economic Freedom Index 2019}}</ref> This has made the country the most developed of the Region according to the [[Human Development Index]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=505045|title=Chile sigue al tope de A. Latina en Índice de Desarrollo Humano|date=September 15, 2018|publisher=Economía y Negocios|language=es}}</ref> Chile went from a [[Gross domestic product]] of 100 in 1973 to 515 in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gobierno.udd.cl/files/2016/05/PPT-FPP.pdf|author=Lucas Palacios Covarrubias|title=Pobreza vs Desigualdad|date=April 2016|publisher=[[Universidad del Desarrollo]] - Facultad de Gobierno|language=es}}</ref> However that was put at risk with the leftist insurrection from 2019 and the Boric presidency.  Right-wing [[President of Chile|President]] [[José Antonio Kast]] promises to retake the path to develop the country.

Between 1975 and 2014, Chile followed the path of the [[free market]] and [[Capitalism]] been the best place to make business of [[Latin America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iberglobal.com/files/2019-1/economic_freedom_index_2019.pdf|title=Economic Freedom Index 2019}}</ref> This has made the country the most developed of the Region according to the [[Human Development Index]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=505045|title=Chile sigue al tope de A. Latina en Índice de Desarrollo Humano|date=September 15, 2018|publisher=Economía y Negocios|language=es}}</ref> Chile went from a [[Gross domestic product]] of 100 in 1973 to 515 in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gobierno.udd.cl/files/2016/05/PPT-FPP.pdf|author=Lucas Palacios Covarrubias|title=Pobreza vs Desigualdad|date=April 2016|publisher=[[Universidad del Desarrollo]] - Facultad de Gobierno|language=es}}</ref> However that was put at risk with the leftist insurrection from 2019 and the Boric presidency.  Right-wing [[President of Chile|President]] [[José Antonio Kast]] promises to retake the path to develop the country.

In early September 2022, by a resounding 62-38% landslide margin, Chileans rejected a progressive new constitution proposal and thereby decided to retain [[Chilean Constitution of 1980|the one written under]] [[conservative]] leader [[Augusto Pinochet]] in 1980, which was reformed over 70 times in democracy in more than half of its content.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2022/09/04/1121065756/chile-constitution-referendum</ref><ref>[https://www.uandes.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CPR-Edicio%CC%81n-Histo%CC%81rica.pdf]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220929111026/https://plataformacontexto.cl/contexto_factual/cuanto-queda-de-la-constitucion-de-pinochet/ Cuánto queda de “la Constitución de Pinochet”]</ref> A new proposal from the center-right with globalist elements was rejected on December 2023 with a 56-44% landslide margin.

In early September 2022, by a resounding 62-38% landslide margin, Chileans rejected a progressive new constitution proposal and thereby decided to retain [[Chilean Constitution of 1980|the one written under]] [[conservative]] leader [[Augusto Pinochet]] in 1980, which was reformed over 70 times in democracy in more than half of its content.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2022/09/04/1121065756/chile-constitution-referendum</ref><ref>[https://www.uandes.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CPR-Edicio%CC%81n-Histo%CC%81rica.pdf]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220929111026/https://plataformacontexto.cl/contexto_factual/cuanto-queda-de-la-constitucion-de-pinochet/ Cuánto queda de “la Constitución de Pinochet”]</ref> A new proposal from the center-right with globalist elements was rejected in December 2023 with a 56-44% landslide margin.

==Geography==

==Geography==

About 85% of Chile's population lives in urban areas, with 40% living in greater Santiago. Most have [[Spain|Spanish]] ancestry. A small, yet influential number of [[Irish]] and [[English]] immigrants came to Chile during the Spanish Empire period. [[German]] immigration began in 1848 and lasted for 90 years; the southern provinces of [[Valdivia]], [[Llanquihue]], and [[Osorno]] show a strong German influence. Other significant historic immigrant groups are [[Italian]], [[Croatian]], [[Basque]], [[Palestinian]] and [[Peruvian]]. About 800,000 Native Americans, mostly of the [[Mapuche]] (Araucan) tribes, reside in the south-central area. The [[Aymara]] and [[Diaguita]] groups can be found mainly in Chile's northern desert valleys.

About 85% of Chile's population lives in urban areas, with 40% living in greater Santiago. Most have [[Spain|Spanish]] ancestry. A small, yet influential number of [[Irish]] and [[English]] immigrants came to Chile during the Spanish Empire period. [[German]] immigration began in 1848 and lasted for 90 years; the southern provinces of [[Valdivia]], [[Llanquihue]], and [[Osorno]] show a strong German influence. Other significant historic immigrant groups are [[Italian]], [[Croatian]], [[Basque]], [[Palestinian]] and [[Peruvian]]. About 800,000 Native Americans, mostly of the [[Mapuche]] (Araucan) tribes, reside in the south-central area. The [[Aymara]] and [[Diaguita]] groups can be found mainly in Chile's northern desert valleys.

Since 2014 Chile has been experiencing [[open borders|mass]] [[immigration]] from [[Haiti]], [[Venezuela]], [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]], something that was unusual and has drastically changed the demographics of the country in the recent years (The immigrants went from 1.1% to 6.1% and is still growing)<ref>{{cite web|language=es|url=http://www.diarioestrategia.cl//texto-diario/mostrar/1116871/chile-pais-americano-mayor-aumento-inmigrantes|title=Chile es el país americano con mayor aumento de inmigrantes|publisher=diarioestrategia.cl|date=9 November 2018}}</ref> a lot of them are [[Illegal immigration|illegally]] (See ''[[Colchane#Mass_immigration_problem|Colchane's Mass immigration problem]]'').

Since 2014 Chile has been experiencing [[open borders|mass]] [[immigration]] from [[Haiti]], [[Venezuela]], [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]], something that was unusual and has drastically changed the demographics of the country in the recent years (The immigrants went from 1.1% to 6.1% and is still growing)<ref>{{cite web|language=es|url=http://www.diarioestrategia.cl//texto-diario/mostrar/1116871/chile-pais-americano-mayor-aumento-inmigrantes|title=Chile es el país americano con mayor aumento de inmigrantes|publisher=diarioestrategia.cl|date=9 November 2018}}</ref> a lot of them are [[Illegal immigration|illegally]] (See ''[[Colchane#Mass immigration problem|Colchane's Mass immigration problem]]'').

*Population (2019): 17.5 million.

*Population (2019): 17.5 million.

In 1865 and 1866 Chile, Peru and Ecuador fought against Spain in the [[Chincha Islands War]], Chile and it's allies won.

In 1865 and 1866 Chile, Peru and Ecuador fought against Spain in the [[Chincha Islands War]], Chile and it's allies won.

[[Image:Easter_island_statues.jpg|thumb|right|On September 9, 1888 the Council of Rapanui Chiefs asked the Chilean Navy Captain, Policarpo Toro, to accept the sovereignty of [[Easter Island]] without giving up their chieftaincy titles, the ownership of their lands, the validity of their culture and traditions and on equal terms. This known as the "Agreement of Wills".]]

[[Image:Easter island statues.jpg|thumb|right|On September 9, 1888, the Council of Rapanui Chiefs asked the Chilean Navy Captain, Policarpo Toro, to accept the sovereignty of [[Easter Island]] without giving up their chieftaincy titles, the ownership of their lands, the validity of their culture and traditions and on equal terms. This known as the "Agreement of Wills".]]

Toward the end of the 19th century, the government in Santiago consolidated its position in the south by founding the [[Fort Bulnes]] in 1843 (near the current city of [[Punta Arenas]] in the [[Strait of Magellan]]) and incorporating the zone of the south of the [[Biobío river]] in a process called the [[Pacification of the Araucanía]], the government plan was to building roads, schools, and public infrastructure where the [[Mapuche]] Indians live, they were incorporated as citizens, however the rebel Mapuches were crushed.  

Toward the end of the 19th century, the government in Santiago consolidated its position in the south by founding the [[Fort Bulnes]] in 1843 (near the current city of [[Punta Arenas]] in the [[Strait of Magellan]]) and incorporating the zone of the south of the [[Biobío river]] in a process called the [[Pacification of the Araucanía]], the government plan was to building roads, schools, and public infrastructure where the [[Mapuche]] Indians live, they were incorporated as citizens, however the rebel Mapuches were crushed.  

====Military Government (1973-1990)====

====Military Government (1973-1990)====

{{Main article|Augusto Pinochet regime (Chile, 1973–90)}}

{{Main article|Augusto Pinochet regime (Chile, 1973–90)}}

[[File:Presidente Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-1990).jpg|300px|thumbnail|President and General [[Augusto Pinochet|Augusto Pinochet Ugarte]], President of Chile (1973-1990), fighter against [[Marxism]], father of Chile's development, and restorer of the order and the institutions.]]

[[File:Presidente Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-1990).jpg|300px|thumbnail|President and General [[Augusto Pinochet|Augusto Pinochet Ugarte]], President of Chile (1973–1990), fighter against [[Marxism]], father of Chile's development, and restorer of the order and the institutions.]]

[[File:Jaime Guzmán2.png|150px|thumbnail|left|[[Jaime Guzmán]] founder of the [[Independent Democrat Union]] party, writer of part of the [[Chilean Constitution of 1980|1980 Constitution]] and its complementary laws, including the binomial system.]]

[[File:Jaime Guzmán2.png|150px|thumbnail|left|[[Jaime Guzmán]] founder of the [[Independent Democrat Union]] party, writer of part of the [[Chilean Constitution of 1980|1980 Constitution]] and its complementary laws, including the binomial system.]]

A military pronouncement overthrew Allende on September 11, 1973. As the armed forces bombarded the presidential palace, Allende reportedly committed suicide. A military government, led by General Augusto Pinochet, took over control of the country. The first years of the regime in particular were marked by an irregular war against [[Left Wing Terrorism in Chile|leftist terrorists]] who wanted a violent Marxist revolution. A new [[Chilean Constitution of 1980|Constitution]] was approved by a plebiscite on September 11, 1980, and General Pinochet became President of the Republic for an 8-year term. The Constitution writing had an important participation of [[Jaime Guzmán]] who also founded the [[Independent Democrat Union]].  

A military pronouncement overthrew Allende on September 11, 1973. As the armed forces bombarded the presidential palace, Allende reportedly committed suicide. A military government, led by General Augusto Pinochet, took over control of the country. The first years of the regime in particular were marked by an irregular war against [[Left Wing Terrorism in Chile|leftist terrorists]] who wanted a violent Marxist revolution. A new [[Chilean Constitution of 1980|Constitution]] was approved by a plebiscite on September 11, 1980, and General Pinochet became President of the Republic for an 8-year term. The Constitution writing had an important participation of [[Jaime Guzmán]] who also founded the [[Independent Democrat Union]].  

In 2023 the corrupt political system started a new process to change the Constitution, this time with more control of the establishment parties, without asking on a referendum if the citizens of Chile wanted a new process (they "assumed" that the 2020 referendum result is permanent, even that that process ended with the 2022 referendum). On May 7 the [[Chile constitutional council election, 2023|election to elect the counselors of the Constitutional Council]] was held and a massive conservative victory was obtained, the [[Republican Party (Chile)|Republican Party]] won the majority as well as a record "Nulo" (Voluntary refusal to choose a candidate by the citizenry in a mandatory election) votes on 3rd place.  

In 2023 the corrupt political system started a new process to change the Constitution, this time with more control of the establishment parties, without asking on a referendum if the citizens of Chile wanted a new process (they "assumed" that the 2020 referendum result is permanent, even that that process ended with the 2022 referendum). On May 7 the [[Chile constitutional council election, 2023|election to elect the counselors of the Constitutional Council]] was held and a massive conservative victory was obtained, the [[Republican Party (Chile)|Republican Party]] won the majority as well as a record "Nulo" (Voluntary refusal to choose a candidate by the citizenry in a mandatory election) votes on 3rd place.  

On December 17, 2023 a new referendum was held over the new written text, the Republican Party directive supported the change of the Chilean Constitution, many members of the party opposed this stance change of the party. The Globalist "center-right" coalition, [[Chile Vamos]] and centrist parties such as "Democrats" and "Yellows" (which means "being too moderated") supported the "In Favor" option as well. Chilean Patriots supported the "Against" option as well as the most of the left-wing. The "Against" Option obtained 55.76% of the votes while the "In Favor" Option obtained 44.24%. The dissident right was victorious over the establishment "right-wing" parties who supported the new proposed text.

On December 17, 2023, a new referendum was held over the new written text, the Republican Party directive supported the change of the Chilean Constitution, many members of the party opposed this stance change of the party. The Globalist "center-right" coalition, [[Chile Vamos]] and centrist parties such as "Democrats" and "Yellows" (which means "being too moderated") supported the "In Favor" option as well. Chilean Patriots supported the "Against" option as well as the most of the left-wing. The "Against" Option obtained 55.76% of the votes while the "In Favor" Option obtained 44.24%. The dissident right was victorious over the establishment "right-wing" parties who supported the new proposed text.

On June 7, 2024 [[Johannes Kaiser]] founded the [[National Libertarian Party]], a dissident right anti-globalist, paleo-libertarian party.

On June 7, 2024 [[Johannes Kaiser]] founded the [[National Libertarian Party]], a dissident right anti-globalist, paleo-libertarian party.