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[[Image:GW1755.jpg|thumb|250px|Colonel [[George Washington]] of the Virginia militia]]

==Name==

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The war is called the ''French and Indian War'' because the British army and the American colonials fought against the French army and its Indian allies. A few Indians fought on the British side. French Canadians call it the "War of the Conquest." Europeans call it the "Seven Years War" because it lasted ~~1756-1763~~. Most of the war was fought in Europe. There had been a series of "French and Indian" wars since 1690, and this was the last and most important of them.

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The war is called the ''French and Indian War'' because the British army and the American colonials fought against the French army and its Indian allies. A few Indians fought on the British side. French Canadians call it the "War of the Conquest." Europeans call it the "Seven Years War" because it lasted 1756–1763. Most of the war was fought in Europe. There had been a series of "French and Indian" wars since 1690, and this was the last and most important of them.

==Soldiers==

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==Indians==

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Indian warriors' played a major role in alliance with the French to attack the American backcountry of Virginia and Pennsylvania from 1754 to 1758. The French and Canadians supplied their Indian allies from the Susquehanna and Ohio valleys to neutralize colonial Anglo-American military power during the larger Seven Years' War. But the warriors - chiefly Potawatomis and Ottawas - fought for their own goals and devised tactics for their own aims. Although the Indians depended on French supplies, they were not united as one people under explicit loyalty to French leadership. During ~~1754-58~~, the Indians successfully paralyzed the two colonies, and these four years of war present a complex picture of Indian groups. Individual groups of Indians had various motives, used strategies adapted to political aims as well as warfare, and waged battles devised to affect truces and alliances with whites and other Indians. Frontier warfare declined throughout 1758, not because Anglo-American forces defeated Indian war parties or the French, but because the French were unable to supply their Indian allies.<ref>Matthew C. Ward, "Fighting The 'Old Women': Indian Strategy on the Virginia and Pennsylvania Frontier, 1754-1758." ''Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' 1995 103(3): 297-320. 0042-6636</ref>

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Indian warriors' played a major role in alliance with the French to attack the American backcountry of Virginia and Pennsylvania from 1754 to 1758. The French and Canadians supplied their Indian allies from the Susquehanna and Ohio valleys to neutralize colonial Anglo-American military power during the larger Seven Years' War. But the warriors - chiefly Potawatomis and Ottawas - fought for their own goals and devised tactics for their own aims. Although the Indians depended on French supplies, they were not united as one people under explicit loyalty to French leadership. During 1754–58, the Indians successfully paralyzed the two colonies, and these four years of war present a complex picture of Indian groups. Individual groups of Indians had various motives, used strategies adapted to political aims as well as warfare, and waged battles devised to affect truces and alliances with whites and other Indians. Frontier warfare declined throughout 1758, not because Anglo-American forces defeated Indian war parties or the French, but because the French were unable to supply their Indian allies.<ref>Matthew C. Ward, "Fighting The 'Old Women': Indian Strategy on the Virginia and Pennsylvania Frontier, 1754-1758." ''Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' 1995 103(3): 297-320. 0042-6636</ref>

==Impact of war==

The war also increased a sense of American unity. It brought men from different colonies together for the first time. British officers trained American ones (most notably [[George Washington]]). Legislatures and officials of the American colonies had to cooperate intensively, for the first time, in pursuit of the continent-wide military effort.

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==Further reading==

* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008)] good short articles

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* [http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ ''The Dictionary of Canadian Biography''](~~1966-2006~~), scholarly biographies of every major British and Canadian participant

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* [http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ ''The Dictionary of Canadian Biography''](1966–2006), scholarly biographies of every major British and Canadian participant

* Anderson, Fred. ''Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766'' (2000), 887pp; the standard scholarly study [https://www.amazon.com/Crucible-War-British-America-1754-1766/dp/0375706364/ref=sr_1_16?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1237018499&sr=8-16 excerpt and text search]

** Anderson, Fred. ''The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War'' (2006), abridged edition [https://www.amazon.com/War-That-Made-America-History/dp/0143038044/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1237018499&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search], a good starting point

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* Freeman, Douglas Southall. ''George Washington. A Biography'' (1948) vol 1. Pulitzer prize

* Nester, William R. ''The First Global War: Britain, France, and the Fate of North America, 1756-1775.'' (2000) 320 pp. [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-first-global-war-britain-france-and-the-fate-of-north-america-1756-1775-by-william-r-nester.jsp online edition]

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* Nicolai, Martin L. "A Different Kind of Courage: The French Military and the Canadian Irregular Soldier during the Seven Years' War," ''Canadian Historical Review'' 70 (1989). ~~53-75~~

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* Nicolai, Martin L. "A Different Kind of Courage: The French Military and the Canadian Irregular Soldier during the Seven Years' War," ''Canadian Historical Review'' 70 (1989). 53–75

* Parkman, Francis. ''Montcalm and Wolfe: The French and Indian War''. (1884), famous narrative by leading historian; liberals strongly dislike its conservative tone [https://books.google.com/books?id=4BlFAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Montcalm+intitle:and+intitle:Wolfe+inauthor:Parkman&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2009&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES full text online]

* Schwartz, Seymour I. ''The French and Indian War, 1754-1763'' (1995), encyclopedia

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