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<ref>Ralph Waldo Emerson: [http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/emerson/essays/art.html Thought on Art]</ref>

<ref>Ralph Waldo Emerson: [http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/emerson/essays/art.html Thought on Art]</ref>

Architectural types and styles classify architecture in terms of form, techniques, materials, time periods, contexts, region, climates, etc.<ref>[http://types.greatbuildings.com/ A Menu of  Architectural Types]</ref> The Oxford English Dictionary defines architectural style as "A definite type of architecture distinguished by special characteristics of structure and ornament"... ''The language of ornament employed throughout a building frequently identifies the architecture of a particular period.'' <ref>[http://www.wbdg.org/resources/style.php Style] by Phoebe Crisman, Assistant Professor,

Architectural types and styles classify architecture in terms of form, techniques, materials, time periods, contexts, region, climates, etc.<ref>[http://types.greatbuildings.com/ A Menu of  Architectural Types]</ref> The Oxford English Dictionary defines architectural style as "A definite type of architecture distinguished by special characteristics of structure and ornament"... ''The language of ornament employed throughout a building frequently identifies the architecture of a particular period.''<ref>[http://www.wbdg.org/resources/style.php Style] by Phoebe Crisman, Assistant Professor,

University of Virginia, School of Architecture.

University of Virginia, School of Architecture.

</ref> Terms like Balustrade, Column, [[Cupola]], Entablature, Façade, Gothic arch, Jamb, [[Masonry]], Portico, Volute, or Wattle are typical of this architectural profession.  

</ref> Terms like Balustrade, Column, [[Cupola]], Entablature, Façade, Gothic arch, Jamb, [[Masonry]], Portico, Volute, or Wattle are typical of this architectural profession.  

[[Image:Parthenon.jpg|thumb|The Parthenon.]]

[[Image:Parthenon.jpg|thumb|The Parthenon.]]

[[Image:Sup.jpg|left|The Supreme Court.]]

[[Image:Sup.jpg|left|The Supreme Court.]]

[[Greek architecture]] arose on the shores of the [[Aegean Sea]] and flourished in the ancient world. The most important works of Greek architecture were produced between 700 BC and 146 BC. Architects Callicrates, Mnesicles, and Ictinus flourished, and the [[Parthenon]] (Its most famous monument) and other great works were produced. The Parthenon was built using the golden proportion (0.618 : 1) by Ictinus, Callicrates and Phidias, ca. 440 BC; there is a replica of it at Nashville, [[Tennessee]]. Another piece of Greek architecture was the magnificent Temple of [[Artemis]] at Ephesus, one of the [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]; Paeonius and Demetrios were the architects of this temple in ca. 250 BC. The Temple of [[Nike]] by Callicrates, ca. 420 BC, was the earliest Ionic building on the [[Acropolis]].

[[Greek architecture]] arose on the shores of the [[Aegean Sea]] and flourished in the ancient world. The most important works of Greek architecture were produced between 700 BC and 146 BC. Architects Callicrates, Mnesicles, and Ictinus flourished, and the [[Parthenon]] (Its most famous monument) and other great works were produced. The Parthenon was built using the golden proportion (0.618: 1) by Ictinus, Callicrates and Phidias, ca. 440 BC; there is a replica of it at Nashville, [[Tennessee]]. Another piece of Greek architecture was the magnificent Temple of [[Artemis]] at Ephesus, one of the [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]; Paeonius and Demetrios were the architects of this temple in ca. 250 BC. The Temple of [[Nike]] by Callicrates, ca. 420 BC, was the earliest Ionic building on the [[Acropolis]].

Greek architecture has a strong influence on [[Greek influence on Western Culture|Western Culture]] even today.

Greek architecture has a strong influence on [[Greek influence on Western Culture|Western Culture]] even today.

One of the featured elements of the Roman architecture was the "[[arch]] semicircular". and Roman arcades were made with pilasters attached to piers carrying an entablature, or in some cases the arches are resting directly upon their capitals. The Colosseum and the aqueducts are examples of this technique. Romans also introduced the triumphal arch to celebrate military victories.  

One of the featured elements of the Roman architecture was the "[[arch]] semicircular". and Roman arcades were made with pilasters attached to piers carrying an entablature, or in some cases the arches are resting directly upon their capitals. The Colosseum and the aqueducts are examples of this technique. Romans also introduced the triumphal arch to celebrate military victories.  

''The [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]] and the ruined Temple of Peace were the two Roman edifices which indicated the progress of the Romans towards the invention of an architecture distinctively their own.'' <ref>[http://www.2020site.org/rome/romanarch.html Roman Arch and Columns]</ref>

''The [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]] and the ruined Temple of Peace were the two Roman edifices which indicated the progress of the Romans towards the invention of an architecture distinctively their own.''<ref>[http://www.2020site.org/rome/romanarch.html Roman Arch and Columns]</ref>

Architect Vitruvius wrote the earliest work on the subject of architecture "De architectura", known today as ''The Ten Books on Architecture''.  Vitruvius' fundamental principles of architecture were ''firmitas, utilitas, venustas'' (firmness, commodity and delight).

Architect Vitruvius wrote the earliest work on the subject of architecture "De architectura", known today as ''The Ten Books on Architecture''.  Vitruvius' fundamental principles of architecture were ''firmitas, utilitas, venustas'' (firmness, commodity and delight).

== Rococo, Neoclassical and Federal style ==

== Rococo, Neoclassical and Federal style ==

[[Image:56eugyjnm.jpg|thumb|180px|The White House by James Hoban]]

[[Image:56eugyjnm.jpg|thumb|180px|The White House by James Hoban]]

Baroque led to the exuberant Rococo style. Rococo began in the eighteenth century at [[Versailles]] as an art of exquisite refinement, graceful and linear. Architects like Robert de Cotte, Gilles Marie Oppenord, and Jacques Ange Gabriel were representative of this style. Later, in the mid-18th century, Neoclassical architecture began as a reaction against the Rococo ornament. It was inspired by the architecture of Classical Greece. In [[United States of America|America]], Neoclassical architecture led to the Federal style. ''[[Thomas Jefferson]], Benjamin Latrobe, and others derived their building style more directly from [[Andrea Palladio|Palladio]].'' <ref>[http://uk.encarta.msn.com/text_761578082__1/Architecture.html Architecture]</ref>

Baroque led to the exuberant Rococo style. Rococo began in the eighteenth century at [[Versailles]] as an art of exquisite refinement, graceful and linear. Architects like Robert de Cotte, Gilles Marie Oppenord, and Jacques Ange Gabriel were representative of this style. Later, in the mid-18th century, Neoclassical architecture began as a reaction against the Rococo ornament. It was inspired by the architecture of Classical Greece. In [[United States of America|America]], Neoclassical architecture led to the Federal style. ''[[Thomas Jefferson]], Benjamin Latrobe, and others derived their building style more directly from [[Andrea Palladio|Palladio]].''<ref>[http://uk.encarta.msn.com/text_761578082__1/Architecture.html Architecture]</ref>

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''Architecture in Spain is an exotic mix of early Moorish influences, European trends, and surreal modernism.'' <ref>[http://architecture.about.com/od/countriescultures/p/spain.htm Architecture in Spain.]</ref>

''Architecture in Spain is an exotic mix of early Moorish influences, European trends, and surreal modernism.''<ref>[http://architecture.about.com/od/countriescultures/p/spain.htm Architecture in Spain.]</ref>

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