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'''Dr. David Livingston''' (1813-1873) was a Scottish missionary, doctor, and explorer. He is best known for his work in exploring central Africa, spreading Christianity, and fighting the slave trade. Some recognize him as the greatest of all African missionaries, explorers, and antislavery advocates. Livingston's work in Africa opened up an essimated one million square miles of previously uncharted land.   

'''Dr. David Livingston''' (1813-1873) was a [[Scottish]] [[missionary]], [[doctor]], and [[explorer]]. He is best known for his work in exploring central [[Africa]], spreading [[Christianity]], and fighting the [[slave trade]]. Some recognize him as the greatest of all African missionaries, explorers, and antislavery advocates. Livingston's work in Africa opened up an estimated one million square miles of previously uncharted land.   

==History==

==History==

===Early Life===

===Early Life===

Livingston was born into a poor family living in [[Blantyre]], [[Scotland]] in 1813. He had three brothers and one sister which were crowded into a two-room house. While in school at age ten, he worked at a local [[cotton]] mill fourteen hours a day.  At a young age Livingston became fascinated with medical [[science]] and [[theology]], He studied both of these areas and graduated from the [[University of Glasgow]], in 1838, with a degree in theology and medicine. After college Livingston traveled to [[London]] to train for [[missionary]] work. He tried to travel to [[China]] as a missionary in 1838, but the [[Opium War]] in [[China]] blocked his access. The [[Missionary Society]] in London hesitated to sponsor Livingston because they did not believe that his speaking style was polished enough. Livingston soon met [[Robert Moffat]], a missionary to [[Cape Town]], [[Africa]]. While attending one of Moffat’s lectures Livingston was struck by Moffats accounts of Africa. When speaking of Africa Moffat stated that, “I have sometimes seen, in the morning [[sun]], the smoke of a thousand villages, where no missionary has ever been<ref> Believers Web, “David Livingstone,” http://www.believersweb.org/view.cfm?ID=74</ref>.” It was at this time that Livingston decided to go to Africa.  In 1841, Livingstone traveled to with Moffat back to his missionary base to help with his mission work. Livingston began his work in Africa quickly; in 1842 he started a four year campaign to find the route to upper [[Zambezi River]], his work here helped the Europeans commerce, which he believed instrumental in bringing Christianity to the region.  He also started to push north to places that had not been explored by Europeans before. Livingston also spoke against the [[slavery]] being carried out on the continent. As Livingston traveled he became convinced that his mission was to reach the people in the interior of Africa and introduce them to [[Christianity]]. He married Moffat’s daughter, Mary, in 1845 and then settled north in [[Kolobeng]].   

Livingston was born into a poor family living in Blantyre, [[Scotland]] in 1813. He had three brothers and one sister which were crowded into a two-room house. While in school at age ten, he worked at a local [[cotton]] mill fourteen hours a day.  At a young age Livingston became fascinated with medical [[science]] and [[theology]], He studied both of these areas and graduated from the [[University of Glasgow]], in 1838, with a degree in theology and medicine. After college Livingston traveled to [[London]] to train for [[missionary]] work. He tried to travel to [[China]] as a missionary in 1838, but the [[Opium War]] in [[China]] blocked his access. The [[Missionary Society]] in London hesitated to sponsor Livingston because they did not believe that his speaking style was polished enough. Livingston soon met [[Robert Moffat]], a missionary to [[Cape Town]], [[Africa]]. While attending one of Moffat’s lectures Livingston was struck by Moffats accounts of Africa. When speaking of Africa Moffat stated that, “I have sometimes seen, in the morning [[sun]], the smoke of a thousand villages, where no missionary has ever been<ref> Believers Web, “David Livingstone,” http://www.believersweb.org/view.cfm?ID=74</ref>.” It was at this time that Livingston decided to go to Africa.  In 1841, Livingstone traveled to with Moffat back to his missionary base to help with his mission work. Livingston began his work in Africa quickly; in 1842 he started a four year campaign to find the route to upper [[Zambezi River]], his work here helped the Europeans commerce, which he believed instrumental in bringing Christianity to the region.  He also started to push north to places that had not been explored by Europeans before. Livingston also spoke against the [[slavery]] being carried out on the continent. As Livingston traveled he became convinced that his mission was to reach the people in the interior of Africa and introduce them to [[Christianity]]. He married Moffat’s daughter, Mary, in 1845 and then settled north in [[Kolobeng]].   

===1845-1862===

===1845-1862===

In 1849, Livingston, and a friend, began an expedition to cross the [[Kalahri Desert]], to discover what later began known as [[Lake Ngami]]. The two explorers seceded and later, in 1851, discovered the [[Zambezi River]]. Because of dangers of exploring, Livingston sent his wife, and four kids, back to [[England]]. He set off again to discover more of central Africa. Because of the dangers that Livingston had encountered, he was equipped with 27 men to do his exploring. As he traveled he calculated the latitude and longitude of his the area. He also used his scientific knowledge in measuring the temperatures of waters and elevation. Livingston discovered ‘[[Victoria Falls]]”, which he named after the English queen in 1855. In his travels he became the first European to travel the distance across southern Africa.  He returned to [[Brittan]], and Glasgow, Scotland, here he spent six months talking before the Royal Society, the Royal Geography Society,and the College of Physicians. 1856, he wrote a book documenting his discoveries entitled, ‘''Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa''' the book sold over 70,000 copies and was a best seller<ref> BBC, Historic Figures, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/livingstone_david.shtml</ref>.  Livingstone returned to Africa in 1858, this time along with his missions work he carried out explorations in central Africa(including [[Lakes Mweru]] and [[Bangweulu]]). In addition to his wife’s death of [[malaria]] in 1862, Livingston was having a hard time in his exploration. At one point some European members of his exploration have a fight and nearly mutinied <ref>Wendy Kahler, Essortment, 2002, “David Livingstone”, http://iaia.essortment.com/drlivingstone_rnli.htm</ref>.  

In 1849, Livingston, and a friend began an expedition to cross the [[Kalahri Desert]], to discover what later began known as [[Lake Ngami]]. The two explorers succeed and later, in 1851, discovered the [[Zambezi River]]. Because of dangers of exploring, Livingston sent his wife, and four kids, back to [[England]]. He set off again to discover more of central Africa. Because of the dangers that Livingston had encountered, he was equipped with 27 men to do his exploring. As he traveled he calculated the latitude and longitude of his the area. He also used his scientific knowledge in measuring the temperatures of waters and elevation. Livingston discovered ‘[[Victoria Falls]]”, which he named after the English queen in 1855. In his travels he became the first European to travel the distance across southern Africa.  He returned to [[Brittan]], and Glasgow, Scotland, here he spent six months talking before the Royal Society, the Royal Geography Society,and the College of Physicians. 1856, he wrote a book documenting his discoveries entitled, ‘''Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa''' the book sold over 70,000 copies and was a best seller<ref> BBC, Historic Figures, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/livingstone_david.shtml</ref>.  Livingstone returned to Africa in 1858, this time along with his missions work he carried out explorations in central Africa(including [[Lakes Mweru]] and [[Bangweulu]]). In addition to his wife’s death of [[malaria]] in 1862, Livingston was having a hard time in his exploration. At one point some European members of his exploration have a fight and nearly mutinied <ref>Wendy Kahler, Essortment, 2002, “David Livingstone”, http://iaia.essortment.com/drlivingstone_rnli.htm</ref>.  

===1862-1895===

===1862-1895===