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Plantigrade, digitigrade, and unguligrade stances
Organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998</ref> Animal feet are comprised of five fingers or two parts called hooves.
Organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998</ref> Animal feet are comprised of five fingers or two parts called hooves.
The foot has essentially the same anatomical structure and the same bones in different mammals, but is positioned and used for locomotion in different ways.
Animals with the ''plantigrade'' stance, including bears, primates, and armadillos, walk on their entire foot; the whole foot is placed flat on the ground.
Animals with the ''digitigrade'' stance, including cats and dogs walk only on the digits of the limbs—corresponding to fingers in humans. The rear part of the foot is lifted off the ground.
Animals with the ''unguligrade'' stance, including horses, cattle, and deer, walk only on the ''tips'' of the digits. In the horse, the anatomical structure corresponding to the foot are very elongated. In a famous mistake, the lexicographer Samuel Johnson defined the word ''pastern'' as "the knee of the horse." The pastern does look like a knee and it in roughly the location where you might expect a knee, but it faces backwards. Animals with the unguligrade stance are fast runners, depending on speed to escape predators, and their legs are long and relatively fragile.
==References==
==References==
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