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Charles Sumner (1811–1874) was an [[abolitionist]] U.S. Senator from Massachusetts who drove to eradicate slavery and who became a [[Radical Republican]] after the [[Civil War]].  A founder of the [[Republican Party]], Sumner served Massachusetts in the U.S. Senate for 23 years.  

Charles Sumner (1811–1874) was an [[abolitionist]] U.S. Senator from Massachusetts who drove to eradicate slavery and who became a [[Radical Republican]] after the [[Civil War]].  A founder of the [[Republican Party]], Sumner served Massachusetts in the U.S. Senate for 23 years.  

His strident stand against slavery and insulting language drove Congressman Preston S. Brooks of South Carolina to fly into a rage and violently beat Sumner with the head of his cane, as Sumner sat at his desk on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Sumner never fully recovered.  

His strident stand against slavery and insulting language drove Congressman Preston S. Brooks of South Carolina to fly into a rage and violently beat Sumner with the head of his cane, as Sumner sat at his desk on the floor of the U.S. Senate<ref>http://www.impeach-andrewjohnson.com/11BiographiesKeyIndividuals/CharlesSumner.htm</ref>. Sumner did not recover for three more years, when he retook his seat on the Senate<ref>http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASsumner.htm</ref>.  

Sumner once declared: <ref>http://www.amerisearch.net/index.php?date=2004-03-11&view=View</ref>

Sumner once declared: <ref>http://www.amerisearch.net/index.php?date=2004-03-11&view=View</ref>