| − | In '''Malley v. Briggs''', 475 U.S. 335 (1996) concluded that "§ 1983 should be read against the background of tort liability," including causation principles.<ref>475 U.S. at 344-345 n.7 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).</ref> | + | In '''Malley v. Briggs''', 475 U.S. 335 (1996) concluded that "§ 1983 should be read against the background of tort [[liability]]," including causation principles.<ref>475 U.S. at 344-345 n.7 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).</ref> |