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| | [[Image:Commonwealth.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Emblem of the Commonwealth of Nations]] | | [[Image:Commonwealth.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Emblem of the Commonwealth of Nations]] |
| − | The <b>Commonwealth of Nations</b> is a free association of 53 mostly former [[British]] colonies. The '''Commonwealth''', as it is commonly known, brings together countries on every continent and encompasses nearly 2 billion citizens. The Commonwealth does not have a constitution; instead it is governed by a set of core beliefs, espoused by declarations or statements made at meetings of the Commonwealth. These fundamental beliefs are encapsulated by the 1<sup>st</sup> major Commonwealth statement in 1971.[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/20723/32987/singapore_declaration_of_commonwealth_principles/] | + | The '''Commonwealth of Nations''', also known as the '''British Commonwealth''', is a free association of 53 mostly former [[British]] crown dependencies and colonies. The '''Commonwealth''', as it is commonly known, brings together countries on every continent and encompasses nearly 2 billion citizens. The Commonwealth does not have a constitution; instead it is governed by a set of core beliefs, espoused by declarations or statements made at meetings of the Commonwealth. These fundamental beliefs are encapsulated by the 1st major Commonwealth statement in 1971.[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/20723/32987/singapore_declaration_of_commonwealth_principles/] |
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| − | '''1971 Declaration of Commonwealth Principles.''' | + | '''1971 Declaration of Commonwealth Principles:''' |
| | *International peace and security; | | *International peace and security; |
| | *[[Democracy]]; | | *[[Democracy]]; |
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| | *The importance of eradicating poverty, ignorance and disease; | | *The importance of eradicating poverty, ignorance and disease; |
| | *It opposes all forms of racial discrimination. | | *It opposes all forms of racial discrimination. |
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| | The activities of the Commonwealth as a whole are coordinated by the Commonwealth Secretariat, the main intergovernmental authority of the Commonwealth and is tasked to facilitate communication between member states. | | The activities of the Commonwealth as a whole are coordinated by the Commonwealth Secretariat, the main intergovernmental authority of the Commonwealth and is tasked to facilitate communication between member states. |
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| | ==History== | | ==History== |
| − | The Commonwealth was formerly known as the British Commonwealth and before that the [[British Empire]]. The evolution of its title has been indicative of the status of its members and the function of the organization. From a colonial empire to a modern collective of free states, the Commonwealth has mirrored the major political changes of the 20th Century. | + | The Commonwealth was formerly known as the British Commonwealth and before that the [[British Empire]]. The evolution of its title has been indicative of the status of its members and the function of the organisation. From a colonial empire to a modern collective of free states, the Commonwealth has mirrored the major political changes of the 20th Century. |
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| | ==Membership== | | ==Membership== |
| | The current membership of the Commonwealth includes: | | The current membership of the Commonwealth includes: |
| − | Antigua & Barbuda, | + | {| |
| − | [[Australia]], | + | |- valign="top" |
| − | The Bahamas, | + | | |
| − | Bangladesh, | + | * [[Antigua and Barbuda]] |
| − | Barbados, | + | * [[Australia]] |
| − | Belize, | + | * [[Bahamas|The Bahamas]] |
| − | Botswana, | + | * [[Bangladesh]] |
| − | Brunei Darussalam, | + | * [[Barbados]] |
| − | Cameroon, | + | * [[Belize]] |
| − | [[Canada]], | + | * [[Botswana]] |
| − | Cyprus, | + | * [[Brunei Darussalam]] |
| − | Dominica, | + | * [[Cameroon]] |
| − | Fiji Islands*, | + | * [[Canada]] |
| − | The Gambia, | + | * [[Cyprus]] |
| − | Ghana, | + | * [[Dominica]] |
| − | Grenada, | + | * [[Fiji]]<sup>1</sup> |
| − | Guyana, | + | * [[The Gambia]] |
| − | India, | + | | |
| − | Jamaica, | + | * [[Ghana]] |
| − | Kenya, | + | * [[Grenada]] |
| − | Kiribati, | + | * [[Guyana]] |
| − | Lesotho, | + | * [[India]] |
| − | Malawi, | + | * [[Jamaica]] |
| − | Malaysia, | + | * [[Kenya]] |
| − | Maldives, | + | * [[Kiribati]] |
| − | Malta, | + | * [[Lesotho]] |
| − | Mauritius, | + | * [[Malawi]] |
| − | Mozambique, | + | * [[Malaysia]] |
| − | Namibia, | + | * [[Maldives]] |
| − | Nauru, | + | * [[Malta]] |
| − | [[New Zealand]], | + | * [[Mauritius]] |
| − | Nigeria, | + | * [[Mozambique]]<sup>2</sup> |
| − | Pakistan, | + | | |
| − | Papua New Guinea, | + | * [[Namibia]] |
| − | St Kitts and Nevis,
| + | * [[Nauru]] |
| − | St Lucia,
| + | * [[New Zealand]] |
| − | St Vincent and the Grenadines,
| + | * [[Nigeria]] |
| − | Samoa, | + | * [[Pakistan]] |
| − | Seychelles, | + | * [[Papua New Guinea]] |
| − | Sierra Leone, | + | * [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] |
| − | Singapore, | + | * [[Saint Lucia]] |
| − | Solomon Islands, | + | * [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] |
| − | [[South Africa]], | + | * [[Samoa]] |
| − | Sri Lanka, | + | * [[Seychelles]] |
| − | Swaziland, | + | * [[Sierra Leone]] |
| − | Tanzania, | + | * [[Singapore]] |
| − | Tonga, | + | * [[Solomon Islands]] |
| − | Trinidad & Tobago, | + | | |
| − | Tuvalu, | + | * [[South Africa]] |
| − | Uganda, | + | * [[Sri Lanka]] |
| − | [[United Kingdom]], | + | * [[Swaziland]] |
| − | Vanuatu, | + | * [[Tanzania]] |
| − | Zambia, | + | * [[Tonga]] |
| | + | * [[Trinidad and Tobago]] |
| | + | * [[Tuvalu]] |
| | + | * [[Uganda]] |
| | + | * [[United Kingdom]] |
| | + | * [[Vanuatu]] |
| | + | * [[Zambia]] |
| | + | |} |
| | + | <sub><sup>1</sup> Fiji’s military regime was suspended from the Councils of the Commonwealth on December 8, 2006. Pakistan was suspended from November 22, 2007 to May 22, 2008.</sub><br> |
| | + | <sub><sup>2</sup> Mozambique is the only current member of the Commonwealth that was not originally part of the British Empire; it had been a Portuguese colony until it gained its independence in 1975.</sub> |
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| | + | ==Commonwealth Family== |
| | + | Commonwealth Family refers to several intergovernmental organisations which are affiliated to the Commonwealth of Nations.<ref>[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/151814/commonwealth_family/ Commonwealth Family]</ref> Some of the member organisations of the Commonwealth Family are: |
| | + | * [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] |
| | + | * [[Commonwealth Broadcasting Association]] |
| | + | * [[Commonwealth Games Federation]] |
| | + | * [[Commonwealth of Learning]] |
| | + | * [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] |
| | | | |
| − | <sub>* Fiji’s military regime was suspended from the Councils of the Commonwealth on 8th Dec 2006</sub>
| + | ==References== |
| | + | {{reflist}} |
| | | | |
| | ==External links== | | ==External links== |
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| | *[http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/article.php Commonwealth of Nations] | | *[http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/article.php Commonwealth of Nations] |
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| − | [[Category:Politics]] | + | [[Category:International Organizations]] |