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Chemical nomenclature (view source)
Revision as of 15:17, December 18, 2007
, 15:17, December 18, 2007New page: ==Inorganic Compounds== Inorganic compounds consist of the remaining compounds divided in to two groups; Ionic compounds and Molecular compounds ===Ionic Compounds=== The names of...
==Inorganic Compounds==
Inorganic compounds consist of the remaining compounds divided in to two groups; [[Ionic compounds]] and [[Molecular compounds]]
===Ionic Compounds===
The names of ionic compounds are based on the names of the ion which they are composed. For example, NaCl is called sodium chloride after the Na<sup>+</sup> or sodium ion, and the Cl<sup>-</sup> or chloride ion. The positive ion is always named first and listed first in writing the formula for the compound. The negative ion is named and written last. To see how the names of these ions arise, consider first the naming of positive ions, also called cations. Ions may be monatomic (composed of a single atom) or polyatomic (formed from two or more atoms). Monatomic cations are most commonly formed from metallic elements.<br>
These ions take the name of the element itself:
:Na<sup>+</sup> Sodium ion
:Zn<sup>+</sup> Zinc ion
:Al<sup>3+</sup> Aluminum ion
If an element can form more than one positive ion, the positive charge of the ion is indicated by a [[Roman numeral]] in parentheses following the name of the metal:
:Fe<sup>2+</sup> Iron(II) ion
:Fe<sup>3+</sup> Iron(III) ion
:Cu<sup>+</sup> Copper(I) ion
:Cu<sup>2+</sup> Copper(II) ion
An older method still widely used for distinguishing between two differently charged ions of a metal is to apply the endings –ous or –ic. These endings represent the lower and higher charged ions, respectively, They are added to the root of the Latin name of the [[element]]:
:Fe<sup>2+</sup> Ferrous ion
:Fe<sup>3+</sup> Ferric ion
:Cu<sup>+</sup> Cuprous ion
:Cu<sup>2+</sup> Cupric ion
==Organic Compounds==
Organic compounds contain carbon, usually in combination with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. Organic compounds were first associated only with plants and animals. However, a great number of organic compounds have now been prepared that do not occur in nature.
Inorganic compounds consist of the remaining compounds divided in to two groups; [[Ionic compounds]] and [[Molecular compounds]]
===Ionic Compounds===
The names of ionic compounds are based on the names of the ion which they are composed. For example, NaCl is called sodium chloride after the Na<sup>+</sup> or sodium ion, and the Cl<sup>-</sup> or chloride ion. The positive ion is always named first and listed first in writing the formula for the compound. The negative ion is named and written last. To see how the names of these ions arise, consider first the naming of positive ions, also called cations. Ions may be monatomic (composed of a single atom) or polyatomic (formed from two or more atoms). Monatomic cations are most commonly formed from metallic elements.<br>
These ions take the name of the element itself:
:Na<sup>+</sup> Sodium ion
:Zn<sup>+</sup> Zinc ion
:Al<sup>3+</sup> Aluminum ion
If an element can form more than one positive ion, the positive charge of the ion is indicated by a [[Roman numeral]] in parentheses following the name of the metal:
:Fe<sup>2+</sup> Iron(II) ion
:Fe<sup>3+</sup> Iron(III) ion
:Cu<sup>+</sup> Copper(I) ion
:Cu<sup>2+</sup> Copper(II) ion
An older method still widely used for distinguishing between two differently charged ions of a metal is to apply the endings –ous or –ic. These endings represent the lower and higher charged ions, respectively, They are added to the root of the Latin name of the [[element]]:
:Fe<sup>2+</sup> Ferrous ion
:Fe<sup>3+</sup> Ferric ion
:Cu<sup>+</sup> Cuprous ion
:Cu<sup>2+</sup> Cupric ion
==Organic Compounds==
Organic compounds contain carbon, usually in combination with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. Organic compounds were first associated only with plants and animals. However, a great number of organic compounds have now been prepared that do not occur in nature.