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The South had a feeling of invincibility from its tremendous economy, which was based on high prices for "King Cotton" and other crops, such as tobacco and sugar cane.  The South also felt that the North lacked a will to fight and, if it did, Britain and France would recognize and help the South due to their dependence on its exports like cotton, tobacco, rice and sugar cane.  The South also had strategic advantages:  it controlled the mouth of the Mississippi and needed only to defend rather than conquer.  The South considered its men, who spent more time outdoors, to be in much better condition to fight.  The South had better generals, and would have done far better had its generals like Stonewall Jackson not died in battle.

The South had a feeling of invincibility from its tremendous economy, which was based on high prices for "King Cotton" and other crops, such as tobacco and sugar cane.  The South also felt that the North lacked a will to fight and, if it did, Britain and France would recognize and help the South due to their dependence on its exports like cotton, tobacco, rice and sugar cane.  The South also had strategic advantages:  it controlled the mouth of the Mississippi and needed only to defend rather than conquer.  The South considered its men, who spent more time outdoors, to be in much better condition to fight.  The South had better generals, and would have done far better had its generals like Stonewall Jackson not died in battle.

But the North benefited from the railroad system, heavy immigration and a much more balanced economy.  German and Irish immigrants came in large numbers before and during the 1850s, and in the 1850 census, 10% of the male population over 23 was foreign born, mostly from Germany and particularly Ireland.  The "Know-Nothing" or American Party arose as anti-immigration, anti-Catholic organization (most of the Irish were Catholics), given its name because its members would pretend not to "Know Nothing" when asked about their views.<ref>In 1855 the Know-Nothing Party successfully elected its candidate for mayor of Chicago, who then banned immigrants from city jobs.<ref/>. But the greater numbers from immigration ended up helping the North in the war, as large numbers of immigrants fought for the North against the South.  Overall, the population of the North was 22 million compared with only 9 million in the South, 3.5 of whom were slaves whom the South were reluctant to arm.  Large populations have proportionately more people to use as soldiers and support the war in other ways.  The North also had control of the United States Navy, which proved to be useful in the war.   

But the North benefited from the railroad system, heavy immigration and a much more balanced economy.  German and Irish immigrants came in large numbers before and during the 1850s, and in the 1850 census, 10% of the male population over 23 was foreign born, mostly from Germany and particularly Ireland.  The "Know-Nothing" or American Party arose as anti-immigration, anti-Catholic organization (most of the Irish were Catholics), given its name because its members would pretend not to "Know Nothing" when asked about their views.<ref>In 1855 the Know-Nothing Party successfully elected its candidate for mayor of Chicago, who then banned immigrants from city jobs.</ref>  But the greater numbers from immigration ended up helping the North in the war, as large numbers of immigrants fought for the North against the South.  Overall, the population of the North was 22 million compared with only 9 million in the South, 3.5 of whom were slaves whom the South were reluctant to arm.  Large populations have proportionately more people to use as soldiers and support the war in other ways.  The North also had control of the United States Navy, which proved to be useful in the war.   

Finally, the North was successful in keeping border slave states -- Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and the to-be-formed West Virginia -- from joining the Confederacy and fighting against the North.  Abraham Lincoln said about Kentucky, "Kentucky gone, we can not hold Missouri, nor as I think, Maryland. These all against us, and the job on our hands is too large for us. We would as well consent to separation at once, including the surrender of this capitol."<ref>http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=31&subjectID=3</ref>  Had those border states sided with the South, as it expected, the outcome may have been different.

Finally, the North was successful in keeping border slave states -- Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and the to-be-formed West Virginia -- from joining the Confederacy and fighting against the North.  Abraham Lincoln said about Kentucky, "Kentucky gone, we can not hold Missouri, nor as I think, Maryland. These all against us, and the job on our hands is too large for us. We would as well consent to separation at once, including the surrender of this capitol."<ref>http://www.mrlincolnandfreedom.org/inside.asp?ID=31&subjectID=3</ref>  Had those border states sided with the South, as it expected, the outcome may have been different.

== Antebellum (pre-Civil War) State Admissions ==

== Antebellum (pre-Civil War) State Admissions ==