Changes

In 1886, workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. in Chicago began a strike in the hopes of shortening the workday to 8 hours.  The company tried to break the strike by using new workers, and police were called in to protect the new workers.  A fight broke out and one person was killed.

In 1886, workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. in Chicago began a strike in the hopes of shortening the workday to 8 hours.  The company tried to break the strike by using new workers, and police were called in to protect the new workers.  A fight broke out and one person was killed.

Anarchists were extremists who sided with the unions, and the anarchists planned a large rally the next day to protest the alleged police brutality.  They expected 20,000 to show up at Haymarket Square in Chicago, but actually on 1500 to 2000 were there, with the police there also.  At one point a protester through a pipe bomb at the policemen, and its explosion killed seven policement and injured more than 60 others.  The police then fired into the crowd, and killed four.

Anarchists were extremists who sided with the unions, and the anarchists planned a large rally the next day to protest the alleged police brutality.  They expected 20,000 to show up at Haymarket Square in Chicago, but actually on 1500 to 2000 were there, with the police there also.  At one point a protester threw a pipe bomb at the policemen, and its explosion killed seven policement and injured more than 60 others.  The police then fired into the crowd, and killed four.

Eight anarchists were tried for conspiracy to commit murder; seven were convicted, and four were hanged in November 1887.  This was a huge embarrassment for the union movement, which did include many socialists and anarchists.  It caused a delay in acceptance of the eight hour workday, and the movement of workers from the Knights of Labor to the more moderate American Federation of Labor.<ref>http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h750.html</ref>

Eight anarchists were tried for conspiracy to commit murder; seven were convicted, and four were hanged in November 1887.  This was a huge embarrassment for the union movement, which did include many socialists and anarchists.  It caused a delay in acceptance of the eight hour workday, and the movement of workers from the Knights of Labor to the more moderate American Federation of Labor.<ref>http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h750.html</ref>

Another violent conflict involving striking workers occurred near Pittsburgh in 1892.  Called the Homestead Strike, guards hired by wealthy businessman Andrew Carnegie suppressed a strike by workers and ten were killed in the conflict.

Another violent conflict involving striking workers occurred near Pittsburgh in 1892.  Called the Homestead Strike, guards hired by wealthy businessman Andrew Carnegie suppressed a strike by workers and ten were killed in the conflict.

The biggest leader of the labor movement was Eugene V. Debs, who headed the American Railway Union (railroad workers).  Debs was jailed for leading strike against Pullman railroad cars in 1894 over wages.  In 1895, in a case entitled "In re Debs," the U.S. Supreme Court upheld judicial power to prohibit strikes  

The biggest leader of the labor movement was Eugene V. Debs, who headed the American Railway Union (railroad workers).  Debs was jailed for leading strike against Pullman railroad cars in 1894 over wages.  In 1895, in a case entitled "In re Debs," the U.S. Supreme Court upheld judicial power to prohibit strikes against railroads, and upheld the power of courts to jail those who disobey court orders and engage in strikes anyway (like Debs).

against railroads, and upheld the power of courts to jail those who disobey court orders and engage in strikes anyway (like Debs).

== Indians and the Frontier ==

== Indians and the Frontier ==