| Line 21: |
Line 21: |
| | | | |
| | Americans invented the music of jazz, and "Tin Pan Alley" was a portion of New York City known for its music culture. | | Americans invented the music of jazz, and "Tin Pan Alley" was a portion of New York City known for its music culture. |
| | + | |
| | + | William Faulkner "1929-32: author of ""Sound & Fury"", ""As I Lay Dying"", ""Sanctuary"", ""Light in August""; described South as poor, racist" |
| | + | Eugene O'Neill "playwright, 2nd Am. to win Nobel Prize for Lit. (1936); psychological realism in plays" |
| | + | Harlem Renaissance "center of black culture, intellectualism flourished, called New Negro Movement" |
| | + | Sacco and Vanzetti "1920: committed murder during a bank robbery; tried as Italian anarchists, executed in 1927 despite political support" |
| | + | "radio, television" "1920 was first commercial radio broadcast; 1927 was first highly successful talking movie (""The Jazz Singer"")" |
| | + | Warren G. Harding "Repub. Pres. 1921-23, conservative but plagued with scandals such as Teapot Dome Scandal" |
| | + | Federal Highway Act 1921: provides $75M to states in matching funds for state roads |
| | + | Washington Naval Conference "1921-22: limited arms in navies worldwide, delayed war in Pacific, and temporarily protect China against Japan" |
| | + | Immigration 1890-1917 "mostly from central and southern Europe, also many from Eastern Europe; opposition to this increased" |
| | + | Emergency Quota Act "1921: limited immigrants to 3%/yr of nationality living in US in 1910, favoring older Anglo-Saxon& N Europe" |
| | + | Fordney McCumber Act "1922: increased tariffs to very high levels, creating hardship for Europe after WW I" |
| | + | Calvin Coolidge "Repub. Pres. 1923-28: did little but embraced laissez-faire, cleaned up corruption, did not run again" |
| | + | Coolidge's view on strikes "When Mass. governor: ""There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime.""" |
| | + | National Origins Act "1924: restricted immigrants from southern and central Europe and Asia, to stop anarchists and Bolsheviks" |
| | + | Charles Lindbergh "1927: first flight NYC to Paris in ""Spirit of St. Louis""" |
| | + | Great Mississippi Flood "1927: massive river flood displaced 700,000 persons; African Americans migrated from South to northern cities" |
| | + | Kellogg-Briand Pact (or Treaty) 1928: outlawed war; ineffective because it had no way to be enforced |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | Franklin Delano Roosevelt Dem. Pres. 1932-45: started massive federal works and relief programs |
| | + | New Deal Numerous new laws (legislation) to build projects and give jobs to people |
| | + | """Hundred Days""" "1933: FDR's initial programs, incl. nationwide banking holiday, ended Gold Std (thereby causing inflation)" |
| | + | Emergency Banking Act "1933: allowed inspection of bank records; made ""bank holiday"", infuse money into bank with Reconstr. Finan. Corp." |
| | + | Civilian Conservation Corps 1933: provided jobs to men between 17 and 25 for conservation of natural resources |
| | + | Agricultural Adjustment Act 1933: tried to raise prices and limit farm production by paying farmers not to farm land; declared unconstitutional |
| | + | Federal Emergency Relief Act "1933: provided work on projects such as building roads, airports, schools, playgrounds, parks" |
| | + | Tennessee Valley Act "1933: bought, built & operated dams, generated & sold electric power, flood contr., w/drew bad land from farming" |
| | + | set up Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and used its power rates to regulate private rates (controversial) |
| | + | Farm-Credit Act 1933: provided funding for farm mortgages |
| | + | Glass-Steagall Banking Act "1933: estab. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) to insure deposits in banks, thereby stabilizing system" |
| | + | National Industrial Recovery Act "1933: made public works administration., defined fair business practices, held unconstitut. in Schecter Poultry v. U.S." |
| | + | 21st Amendment "1933: repeals Prohibition, gives power to States to regulate or prohibit alcohol" |
| | + | Good Neighbor Policy "1933: FDR policy of respect for Latin America, unlike Teddy Roosevelt's ""Big Stick"" and Taft's ""Dollar Diplomacy""" |
| | + | Federal Housing Authority "1934: provided low-cost, long-term loans for modernizing old bldgs and building new ones" |
| | + | Gold Reserve Act "1934: nationalized gold, U.S. treasury took title to all gold, stored most at Ft. Knox, KY" |
| | + | Securities and Exchange Act 1934: establishes Securities Exchange Commission to regulate stock exchanges |
| | + | Works Progress Administration employed 8.5 million persons between 1935 and 1943 building public works |
| | + | National Housing Act "1934: set up the Federal Housing Authority (FHA). This agency encouraged banks, building and loan " |
| | + | " associations, etc. to make loans for building homes, small business establishments, and farm buildings. " |
| | + | Schecter Poultry v. U.S. 1935: S. Ct. declares Nat'l Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional because it delegated too much power to agency |
| | + | Wagner Act "1935: gives unions rights, promotes their growth; prohibit employer interference, estab. Nat'l Labor Relations Board" |
| | + | Social Security Act 1935: provided old age insurance from tax on wages and tax on employers; biggest federal program now |
| | + | Congress of Indust. Organ. (CIO) "1935: labor group formed by fiery John Lewis and garment trade unions, later included auto and steelworkers" |
| | + | Fair Labor Standards Act 1938: abolished child labor and set national minimum wage ($.40 per hour) and the 40 hr week |
| | + | Trade Agreements Act 1934: amended the Tariff Act of 1930 (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act) to give authority to negotiate mutual tariff reductions |
| | + | Neutrality Act 1935: forbids sale of arms to all belligerents if Pres. says a state of war exists; designed to keep us at peace |
| | + | Pennsylvania Turnpike "1940: the first multi-laned superhighway was built, with support from the federal government; heavily used even now" |
| | + | Selective Training & Service Act 1940: first adoption of peacetime conscription (draft) |
| | + | Four Freedoms "1941: FDR in annual speech to Cong urges freedom of speech, worship, from want, from fear" |
| | + | Lend-Lease Act "1941: FDR's first step to save Britain & Allies in WWII by lending them materials, ending neutrality" |
| | + | Atlantic Charter "July 1941: FDR and Churchill declare purpose to WWII, based on world peace, like 14 points in WWI" |
| | + | U-Boats German submarines in WWII that sunk ships |
| | + | Pearl Harbor "Dec. 7, 1941: Japan attacks naval base in Hawaii, sinks our fleet" |
| | + | D-Day "June 6, 1944 Allies finally invade mainland Europe at Normandy, France to recapture mainland" |
| | + | Casablanca Conference "Jan. 14–24, 1943, WW II mtg of U.S. & Britain, agree to fight until other side unconditionally surrenders" |
| | + | Holocaust "1941-45: systematic, racist and brutal murder by German leaders of six million Jews during WW II" |
| | + | CORE 1942:Congress of Racial Equality joined in struggle of African Americans banding together against segregation |
| | + | """Voice of America""" 1942: radio program to broadcast American message of freedom to Communist countries |
| | + | Teheran Conference 1943: Stalin promised to help us against Japan after the defeat of Germany. We agreed to D-Day invasion |
| | + | Yalta Conference Feb 1945: divide Germany into 4 military zones (denazification); Stalin lied re: free elections; plan for United Nations |
| | + | Potsdam Conference July/Aug 1945: Truman replaced Roosevelt and little accomplished; demanded Japan's uncondit. surrender |
| | + | Manhattan Project "secret project to build atomic bomb based in Los Alamos, New Mexico" |
| | + | Harry S Truman "Dem. Pres. 1945-52, pushed civil rights, protected South Korea, fired Gen. MacArthur, seized steel mills" |
| | + | "Hiroshima, Nagasaki" "Aug. 6 & 9, 1945: first and second atom bombs dropped by US on these Japanese cities; Japan surrenders Aug. 15" |
| | + | Korematsu v. U.S. 1944: Sup. Ct. affirms military internment camps for Japanese-Americans |
| | + | Servicemen's Readjustment Act "1944: ""GI Bill"" pays for soldiers' higher education" |
| | + | Bretton Woods/World Bank July 1944: 44 nations set up International Monetary Fund |
| | + | Dumbarton Oaks/United Nations "Aug-Oct. 1944: China, GB, USSR, US draft plans for UN, incl. Security Council" |
| | + | Full Employment Act 1946: watered-down version of fed. govt. backing full employment |
| | + | Loyalty Boards 1947: Truman checks on govt employees to ensure not Communists |
| | + | Taft-Hartley Act "1947: conservative response to growing power of unions, passed over Truman's veto. Gave workers right not to join" |
| | + | unions where allowed by state law; unions must give 60-day notice of strike; fed govt can block for 80 days |
| | + | Truman Doctrine "1947: Truman pledges economic aid for democratic countries opposing communism, beginning w/ Greece & Turkey" |
| | + | George Kennan/Containment "1947: State Dept official Kennan publishes US goal to ""contain"" Communism, underlay Cold War" |
| | + | National Security Act/Council 1947: estab. Council as advisory body to President on national security issues; used CIA as info-gatherer organiz. |
| | + | Marshall Plan "1947: financial assistance to European economies struggling from WWII, Communists reject it" |
| | + | Jackie Robinson "1947: broke ""color barrier"" by becoming first black baseball player in Major Leagues, for Brooklyn Dodgers" |
| | + | Organization of American States 1947: Latin American organization incl. US to handle issues |
| | + | Central Intelligence Agency "1947: Gathers intelligence through ""overt and covert"" methods; uses info collected by all agencies; sets intell. goals" |
| | + | """Iron Curtain""" 1945-90: Churchill's phrase to describe Communist capture of East. Europe nations |
| | + | North Atlantic Trty Org. (NATO) 1948: rejects George Washington's farewell address w/ foreign alliance to stop Communism |
| | + | Youngstown Sheet & Tube case "1952: Sup. Ct. invalidates Truman's seizure of steel mills, which he did to avert a strike during Korean War" |
| | + | House Un-American Activ. Com. "1948-50s: investigated Alger Hiss case, convicted Communists in America, including ""Hollywood Ten""" |
| | + | Whittaker Chambers/Alger Hiss "1948: Chambers (ed. of Time) says Hiss was Comm.; shows microfilms; Hiss convicted of perjury, jailed 5 yrs" |
| | + | Ethel and Julius Rosenberg 1950s: executed for selling atomic bomb secrets to USSR |
| | | | |
| | == Stock Market Crash == | | == Stock Market Crash == |