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The fact that liberals are beholden to teachers unions makes it impossible for schools to get rid of substandard teachers.  An exceptional teacher in an under-served area may have the opportunity to transfer from that area into a better one, while a poor teacher is able to muddle through year after year without doing their students any good.  This slavish dedication to corrupt union hiring policies clearly has a negative effect on urban Black populations which limits their later earnings.  This is one reason why voucher programs have been incredibly popular in Washington DC, a city with a major Black population.
 
The fact that liberals are beholden to teachers unions makes it impossible for schools to get rid of substandard teachers.  An exceptional teacher in an under-served area may have the opportunity to transfer from that area into a better one, while a poor teacher is able to muddle through year after year without doing their students any good.  This slavish dedication to corrupt union hiring policies clearly has a negative effect on urban Black populations which limits their later earnings.  This is one reason why voucher programs have been incredibly popular in Washington DC, a city with a major Black population.
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==Cultural expectations==
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Due to the pre-concieved notion of what is "cool" poor blacks become interested in gang activity. This is contributed to due to the potential for battered familys (marital violence is higher in the lower income brackets), and as such, the gang becomes a "second family" to the individual. Furthermore, it is "easier" for one to simply take the easy way, over the one that requires work.
    
== References ==
 
== References ==
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