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Lenin quickly arranged for peace with Germany to end Russia’s involvement with the Allies in the war. In March 1918, Lenin signed the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]], by which Russia gave to Germany much territory, including what is now [[Poland]], [[Finland]], [[Lithuania]], [[Ukraine]], [[Estonia]] and [[Latvia]]. This was a humiliating defeat for Russia, but it was simply too weak to fight the Germans further.
Lenin quickly arranged for peace with Germany to end Russia’s involvement with the Allies in the war. In March 1918, Lenin signed the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]], by which Russia gave to Germany much territory, including what is now [[Poland]], [[Finland]], [[Lithuania]], [[Ukraine]], [[Estonia]] and [[Latvia]]. This was a humiliating defeat for Russia, but it was simply too weak to fight the Germans further.
=== The Western Front ===
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The exit of Russia allowed Germany to shift all of its troops to the western front, saving Germany from having to continue a two-front war. Almost immediately it appeared that Germany would win, as it unleashed all of its power against France in March 1918.
The Germans launched five major campaigns in a four month period in 1918 on the [[Western Front]]. The Germans had technology and lots of energy. They had elite storm-troopers with automatic rifles, light machine guns, flame-throwers and artillery fire. They used poisonous [[mustard gas]] lavishly. They easily defeated the [[British Fifth Army]]. The Germans were advancing and taking property.
But fresh American troops entered the scene. In the [[Second Battle of the Marne]] in July 1918, the Allies started winning. Nine American divisions fought in this battle about 75 miles northeast of Paris. The Germans started this battle on another one of their offensives, but the Americans turned the tables and enabled the Allies to win it. Casualties were enormous for everyone, including the Americans. Former President [[Teddy Roosevelt]]’s son was killed in this battle.