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Line 8: − [[Image:~hanna96.jpg|thumb|350px|right|1896 Davenport cartoon of Mark Hanna as slave driver, from Hearst's ''New York Journal'']] − − [[Image:1896PR.jpg|thumb|300px|Hanna set up publicity headquarters in Chicago]] Line 24:
Line 21: − [[Image:Hanna97.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Opper cartoon shows Hanna as Shylock driving a hard bargain in 1897. from ''Puck'']] Line 34:
Line 30: − [[Image:OPPER1900.jpg|thumb|250px|Opper cartoon shows the Trusts using Hanna as a nanny to sit on Roosevelt, while McKinley is a child playing war.]]
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Hanna made a transition into politics during the 1880s and in 1888, he managed Ohio Senator [[John Sherman]]'s unsuccessful effort to gain the Republican presidential nomination. Rep. William McKinley had been defeated for reelection to the House in 1890 on the issue of the high McKinley Tariff, but campaigned so well the GOP nominated him for governor of Ohio. Hanna helped McKinley win the 1891 and 1893 elections and became his chief advisor.
Hanna made a transition into politics during the 1880s and in 1888, he managed Ohio Senator [[John Sherman]]'s unsuccessful effort to gain the Republican presidential nomination. Rep. William McKinley had been defeated for reelection to the House in 1890 on the issue of the high McKinley Tariff, but campaigned so well the GOP nominated him for governor of Ohio. Hanna helped McKinley win the 1891 and 1893 elections and became his chief advisor.
McKinley's only competition for the Republican nomination in 1896 was Speaker Thomas Reed of Maine, but McKinley was the better campaigner and Hanna had built a network of support especially in corrupt southern state conventions. With McKinley as the 1896 Republican nominee Hanna became Chairman of the [[Republican National Committee]], raised an unprecedented $3.5 million for McKinley's campaign for the [[gold standard]], high tariffs, high wages, [[pluralism]] and renewed prosperity. Most of the money came from corporations who feared that [[William Jennings Bryan]]'s more radical [[Free Silver]] policy would ruin the entire economy.
McKinley's only competition for the Republican nomination in 1896 was Speaker Thomas Reed of Maine, but McKinley was the better campaigner and Hanna had built a network of support especially in corrupt southern state conventions. With McKinley as the 1896 Republican nominee Hanna became Chairman of the [[Republican National Committee]], raised an unprecedented $3.5 million for McKinley's campaign for the [[gold standard]], high tariffs, high wages, [[pluralism]] and renewed prosperity. Most of the money came from corporations who feared that [[William Jennings Bryan]]'s more radical [[Free Silver]] policy would ruin the entire economy.
By October the [[U.S. Democratic Party, History|Democrats]] realized they were losing on Bryan's favorite issue (free silver to cause inflation) and targeted Hanna as the arch-villain who threatened to put corporate interests ahead of the national interest. As McKinley was highly likable, Hanna became a target of Bryanites, especially [[William Randolph Hearst]] and his ''[[New York Journal]]'', with cartoonists like Davenport portraying him as a bloated sinister figure with a cruel face, wearing a suit decorated with dollar signs.<ref> Jeansonne, 1988 </ref>
By October the [[U.S. Democratic Party, History|Democrats]] realized they were losing on Bryan's favorite issue (free silver to cause inflation) and targeted Hanna as the arch-villain who threatened to put corporate interests ahead of the national interest. As McKinley was highly likable, Hanna became a target of Bryanites, especially [[William Randolph Hearst]] and his ''[[New York Journal]]'', with cartoonists like Davenport portraying him as a bloated sinister figure with a cruel face, wearing a suit decorated with dollar signs.<ref> Jeansonne, 1988 </ref>
==Election to U.S. Senate==
==Election to U.S. Senate==
President McKinley appointed elderly Senator [[John Sherman]] to the cabinet, opening the way for the Ohio legislature to elect Hanna to the senate seat in March 1897. As the economy recovered and the triumph of the Spanish-American War bolstered McKinley's popularity, the 1900 rematch was a decisive victory and guaranteed Republican dominance of the [[Fourth Party System]].
President McKinley appointed elderly Senator [[John Sherman]] to the cabinet, opening the way for the Ohio legislature to elect Hanna to the senate seat in March 1897. As the economy recovered and the triumph of the Spanish-American War bolstered McKinley's popularity, the 1900 rematch was a decisive victory and guaranteed Republican dominance of the [[Fourth Party System]].
Hanna's role as president of the [[National Civic Federation]], a major national interest group dedicated to arbitrating labor disputes outside of politics or the courts, demonstrated that Hanna anticipated the key policymaking role extra-party bureaucracies would assume in the emerging administrative state of the twentieth century. He succeeded to a considerable extent in attracting labor unions into the Republican coalition and heading off major strikes that would be not only economically damaging but politically and socially divisive.
Hanna's role as president of the [[National Civic Federation]], a major national interest group dedicated to arbitrating labor disputes outside of politics or the courts, demonstrated that Hanna anticipated the key policymaking role extra-party bureaucracies would assume in the emerging administrative state of the twentieth century. He succeeded to a considerable extent in attracting labor unions into the Republican coalition and heading off major strikes that would be not only economically damaging but politically and socially divisive.
==Hanna and Roosevelt==
==Hanna and Roosevelt==