Changes

Frenchman Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) proposed the concept of separation of powers, and checks and balances, in government.  This inspired the United States [[Constitution]].  His book, “The Spirit of the Laws,” explained essential aspects of good government that became enormously influential.

Frenchman Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) proposed the concept of separation of powers, and checks and balances, in government.  This inspired the United States [[Constitution]].  His book, “The Spirit of the Laws,” explained essential aspects of good government that became enormously influential.

Another Frenchman, Denis Diderot (1713-1784), contributed to literature, speculated on free will and attachment to material things, and edited an encyclopedia of scientific and social knowledge known simply as “Encyclopedia”.

Another Frenchman, Denis Diderot (1713-1784), contributed to literature, speculated on free will and attachment to material things, and edited an encyclopedia of scientific and social knowledge known simply as “Encyclopedia” (French: ''“Encyclopédie”'').

Swiss-born political philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) wrote several controversial works.  He felt that politics and morality could not be separated, and that the will of the majority was not always correct.  Many Americans today would agree with that view.  However, Rousseau also attacked private property, and laid the groundwork for future [[communist]] writers such as [[Karl Marx]].  Rousseau declared that government’s goal should be to provide freedom, equality and justice.  But note that freedom often results in inequality.

Swiss-born political philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) wrote several controversial works.  He felt that politics and morality could not be separated, and that the will of the majority was not always correct.  Many Americans today would agree with that view.  However, Rousseau also attacked private property, and laid the groundwork for future [[communist]] writers such as [[Karl Marx]].  Rousseau declared that government’s goal should be to provide freedom, equality and justice.  But note that freedom often results in inequality.