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==Education==
==Education==
Bismarck's "School Supervision Law of 1872" and the administration of Adalbert Falk as minister of education from 1872 to 1879 was a key element of the Kulturkampf in Prussia. Bismark's goal was to weaken the power of the Catholic Church by replacing religious supervisors with secular ones in the schools. Liberal<ref>In the 19th century sense.</ref> Protestant school teachers and administrators supported the reform because they believed educational benefits would come from the change. Because the new secular supervisors were used primarily in Catholic schools, priests saw the reform as a political whip. The resulting radicalization of the priests offset any positive benefits of the reform.<ref> Marjorie Lamberti, "State, Church, and the Politics of School Reform during the Kulturkampf." ''Central European History'' 1986 19(1): 63-81. </ref>
Bismarck's "School Supervision Law of 1872" and the administration of Adalbert Falk as minister of education from 1872 to 1879 was a key element of the Kulturkampf in Prussia. Bismark's goal was to weaken the power of the Catholic Church by replacing religious supervisors with secular ones in the schools. Liberal<ref>In the 19th century sense.</ref> Protestant school teachers and administrators supported the reform because they believed educational benefits would come from the change. Because the new secular supervisors were used primarily in Catholic schools, priests saw the reform as a political whip. The resulting radicalization of the priests offset any positive benefits of the reform.<ref> Marjorie Lamberti, "State, Church, and the Politics of School Reform during the Kulturkampf." ''Central European History'' 1986 19(1): 63-81. </ref>
===May Laws===
May Laws were a series of laws enacted in 1873 to place the [[Catholic Church]] entirely under state control and remove it from control by the [[Papacy|Pope]]. The goal was for German civil authorities to gain authority over the clergy to discipline them, and to make church appointments depend on state examinations. Any priest or bishop who objected was to forfeit his position and income.
These laws remained in effect until 1887, when there were mostly relaxed, and then in 1905 these laws were repealed.
==See also==
==See also==
[[category:German History]]
[[category:German History]]
[[category:Culture War]]
[[category:Culture War]]
[[category:Catholic Church]]