Changes

== Chromosomes ==

== Chromosomes ==

The discussion of chromosomes is needed to explain the n number in more detail. Chromosomes are the gathering of genetic material known as DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. Each chromosome is made of one continuous macro molecule. The DNA that is contained in these are expressed in the organism through phenotype and cellular interactivity. Each group of chromosomes is contained in every cell in an organism other then sporocytes and gametophytes or sperm and eggs. In any cell the poloidicity of that cell represents how many copies of the chromosomes that are meant to do the same job (homologous) are present. For example, look at four genes, each on different chromosomes. There is one for eye color, one for hair. We have two chromosomes, one for hair one for eyes. In the human case we have 23 homologous pairs in our normal cells. This means we are diploid, as there are in fact 46 chromosomes in each cell nucleus. The n for humans is n=23 because we have to divide by 2 since we are diploid.

The discussion of chromosomes is needed to explain the n number in more detail. Chromosomes are the gathering of genetic material known as DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. Each chromosome is made of one continuous macro molecule. The DNA that is contained in these are expressed in the organism through phenotype and cellular interactivity. Each group of chromosomes is contained in every cell in an organism other then sporophytes and gametophytes or sperm and eggs. In any cell the ploidicity or ploidy number of that cell represents how many complete sets of the chromosomes that are meant to be present.  

 

For example, look at four genes, each on different chromosomes. There is one for eye color, one for hair. We have two chromosomes, one for hair one for eyes. In the human case we have 23 homologous pairs in our normal cells. This means we are diploid, as there are in fact 46 chromosomes in each cell nucleus. The n for humans is n=23 because we have to divide by 2 since we are diploid.

 

A classic consequence of having the wrong ploidy number is found in suffers of Down's Syndrome which have an extra chromosome 21 thereby making them trisomic for 21. This is also an example of aneuploidy, having a chromosome count that is different for the species. This can happen for instance during a non-disjunction event during mitosis.

== Haploid ==

== Haploid ==