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→Diaspora: total war
During World War I, the British government sought Jewish support and issued the '''Balfour Declaration''' promising a homeland -- but not an independent state--in Palestine. The League of Nations created a British mandate, with full control over Palestine in 1922. Tens of thousands of Jews arrived, mostly from Europe. Under the mandate, increasing violence occurred between the Jewish settlers and the Arabs settlers. Finally, the United Nations voted in November 1947 to partition Palestine, and the State of Israel was proclaimed on May 14, 1948.
During World War I, the British government sought Jewish support and issued the '''Balfour Declaration''' promising a homeland -- but not an independent state--in Palestine. The League of Nations created a British mandate, with full control over Palestine in 1922. Tens of thousands of Jews arrived, mostly from Europe. Under the mandate, increasing violence occurred between the Jewish settlers and the Arabs settlers. Finally, the United Nations voted in November 1947 to partition Palestine, and the State of Israel was proclaimed on May 14, 1948.
===Conflict as total war ===
The fighting between the Yishuv and the Palestinians, November 1947-14 May 1948, and the war between Israel and invading Arab armies, 15 May 1948-July 1949, represented a total war, as did the [[Six Day War]] pf 1967. The life and death of Israel were at stake and required the mobilization of not only the military but also the civilian population, the economy, and the social and political institutions of the Jewish community--as well as mobilizing support from the diaspora in the United States. These crises are a central part of Zionist memories and identity, in combination with memory of the [[Holocaust]], and permanently shaped the Israeli-Arab situation as well as the evolution of the Israeli and Palestinian societies.<ref> Moshe Naor, "Israel's 1948 War of Independence as a Total War," ''Journal of Contemporary History'' 2008 43(2): 241-257</ref>
===Diaspora===
===Diaspora===
Zionism, and Israel, are based on the connection between the Jewish religion and 'Jewishness,' which gives Israel and Zionism 'extraterritorial' power and rights ranging outside the country. This is similar to the ideologies dominant in Ireland, Tibet, and Armenia, where nationalist movements and nation-states are closely linked to religious heritage, a culture of forced diaspora, and the 'extraterritorial' power of their cultural or ethnic identities.
Zionism, and Israel, are based on the connection between the Jewish religion and 'Jewishness,' which gives Israel and Zionism 'extraterritorial' power and rights ranging outside the country. This is similar to the ideologies dominant in Ireland, Tibet, and Armenia, where nationalist movements and nation-states are closely linked to religious heritage, a culture of forced diaspora, and the 'extraterritorial' power of their cultural or ethnic identities.