Changes

Yuan Shi-kai died suddenly in 1916, and power fell to local military leaders who made themselves regional war lords. China had no effective national government from 1916 to 1927. Sun Yat-sen tried to collaborate with Chen Chiungming, the war lord in Guangzhou, seeking a new base of power there. Sun was ambivalent toward the student-led [[May Fouth Movement]] of 1919.  Sun's return to China in 1919 and the re-assumption of revolutionary activities found him somewhat outdated. Youthful radicals no longer flocked to him, and some of his ideas were antiquated. Sun recognized the need for adjustments and a solid basis of support. Therefore he he added his own ideas to those of the May Fourth Movement and borrowed from the movement in return.  As a result his attacks on the [[Versailles Treaty]] gained attention, and Sun's denunciation of Western imperialism as the cause of China's malaise was widely accepted and gradually Sun regained stature as spokesman of the new Chinese nationalism that moved students, professionals and cosmopolitan Chinese in the coastal cities.  

Yuan Shi-kai died suddenly in 1916, and power fell to local military leaders who made themselves regional war lords. China had no effective national government from 1916 to 1927. Sun Yat-sen tried to collaborate with Chen Chiungming, the war lord in Guangzhou, seeking a new base of power there. Sun was ambivalent toward the student-led [[May Fouth Movement]] of 1919.  Sun's return to China in 1919 and the re-assumption of revolutionary activities found him somewhat outdated. Youthful radicals no longer flocked to him, and some of his ideas were antiquated. Sun recognized the need for adjustments and a solid basis of support. Therefore he he added his own ideas to those of the May Fourth Movement and borrowed from the movement in return.  As a result his attacks on the [[Versailles Treaty]] gained attention, and Sun's denunciation of Western imperialism as the cause of China's malaise was widely accepted and gradually Sun regained stature as spokesman of the new Chinese nationalism that moved students, professionals and cosmopolitan Chinese in the coastal cities.  

In 1922, failing to outmaneuver the Guangzhou militarists, Sun fled to Shanghai. There he met the [[Comintern]] agent Adolf A. Joffe, who had been sent by [[Lenin]] to seek possible allies for Soviet policy. They reached an understanding in 1923 whereby Sun Yat-sen received Soviet support for a [[First United Front|United Front]] between his nationalist Kuomintang of China pary and the Communist Pary of China. However, Sun did not endorse Communism.  Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin helped reorganize the KMT on the lines of "democratic centralism" familiar in Communist parties, with leadership securely in the hands of a small group.  Fighting forces were equipped and trained, and Chinese Communists—who were encouraged to joined the Kuomintang as part of the United Front agreement—did their part in propaganda and organization to prepare for the military drive by KMT's army leader  [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that was to make a [[Northern Expedition]] drive out the warlords.  Late in 1924 Sun travelled to North China for a last effort at negotiation with the Beiyang warlord's government which had acquired some international recognition. However Sun Yat-sen became ill and died in Beijing on March 12, 1925.

In 1922, failing to outmaneuver the Guangzhou militarists, Sun fled to Shanghai. There he met the [[Comintern]] agent Adolf A. Joffe, who had been sent by [[Lenin]] to seek possible allies for Soviet policy. They reached an understanding in 1923 whereby Sun Yat-sen received Soviet support for a [[First United Front|United Front]] between his nationalist Kuomintang of China pary and the Communist Pary of China. However, Sun did not endorse Communism.  Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin helped reorganize the KMT on the lines of "[[democratic centralism]]" familiar in Communist parties, with leadership securely in the hands of a small group.  Fighting forces were equipped and trained, and Chinese Communists—who were encouraged to joined the Kuomintang as part of the United Front agreement—did their part in propaganda and organization to prepare for the military drive by KMT's army leader  [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that was to make a [[Northern Expedition]] drive out the warlords.  Late in 1924 Sun travelled to North China for a last effort at negotiation with the Beiyang warlord's government which had acquired some international recognition. However Sun Yat-sen became ill and died in Beijing on March 12, 1925.

==Three Principles==

==Three Principles==