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| | === Astronomy === | | === Astronomy === |
| − | * the [[moon]] is receding from the [[Earth]] at a rate suggesting it would have been too close a billion years ago | + | * The [[moon]] is receding from the [[Earth]] at a rate suggesting it would have been too close a billion years ago |
| − | * [[spiral galaxies]] appear to be young, and only implausible proposals of the existence of [[dark matter]] can reconcile with belief in an [[old universe]] | + | * [[Spiral galaxies]] appear to be young, and only implausible proposals of the existence of [[dark matter]] can reconcile with belief in an [[old universe]] |
| − | * the planetary orbits in the solar system -- including Earth's -- are unstable and unsustainable over the very long time periods asserted by [[atheists]]<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/id/201582 Newsweek: "An embarrassing little secret of astronomy ...."].</ref> | + | * The planetary orbits in the solar system - including Earth's - are unstable and unsustainable over the very long time periods asserted by [[atheists]]<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/id/201582 Newsweek: "An embarrassing little secret of astronomy ...."].</ref> |
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| | === Geology === | | === Geology === |
| − | * the massive [[Great Lakes]] are receding in volume too rapidly to have existed a long time | + | * The massive [[Great Lakes]] are receding in volume too rapidly to have existed millions of years ago |
| − | * freshwater lakes are known to be relatively young<ref>[[Ice Age]] theories were developed to try to explain this, but massive freshwater lakes exist even near the equator</ref> | + | * Freshwater lakes are known to be relatively young.<ref>[[Ice Age]] theories were developed to try to explain this, but massive freshwater lakes exist even near the equator</ref> |
| − | * the existence of inland saltwater lakes, such as [[Mono Lake]] and the [[Great Salt Lake]], suggest a recent global [[flood]] | + | * The existence of inland saltwater lakes, such as [[Mono Lake]] and the [[Great Salt Lake]], suggest a recent global [[flood]] |
| − | * the plentiful supply of high concentrations of underground well water, which would be expected based on familiar principles of [[entropy]] to dissipate over a long period of time. | + | * The plentiful supply of high concentrations of underground well water, which would be expected based on familiar principles of [[entropy]] to dissipate over a long period of time. |
| − | * the [[Earth]]'s magnetism is changing at too fast a rate for the Earth to be old. The Earth's [[magnetic field]] is weakening in strength by 5% every 100 years<ref>[http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/tour/AAmag.html Earth's Magnetic Field and its Changes in Time], from [[NASA]]</ref>. [[Exponential decay]] at that rate is not compatible with an old Earth, since it would have required the Earth's magnetic field to be impossibly large at the times postulated by old-Earth theory. | + | * The [[Earth]]'s [[magnetic field]] is changing at too fast a rate for the Earth to be old. It is weakening in strength by 5% every 100 years<ref>[http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/tour/AAmag.html Earth's Magnetic Field and its Changes in Time], from [[NASA]]</ref>. [[Exponential decay]] at that rate is not compatible with an old Earth, since it would have required the Earth's magnetic field to be impossibly large at the times postulated by old-Earth theory. |
| − | * earthquakes alter the Earth's rotation every century; extrapolating by orders of magnitude in time would have resulted in the occurrence of much larger earthquakes that would have destabilized the rotation<ref>A similar analysis may be performed for the likelihood of devastating collisions with meteors as time is extrapolated by orders of magnitude.</ref> | + | * Earthquakes alter the Earth's rotation every century; extrapolating by orders of magnitude in time would have resulted in the occurrence of much larger earthquakes that would have destabilized the rotation<ref>A similar analysis may be performed for the likelihood of devastating collisions with meteors as time is extrapolated by orders of magnitude.</ref> |
| − | * the lack of erosion between rock layers<ref>http://www.amazon.com/review/R1WTZL8GG4H9K0</ref><ref>http://www.knowthebible.net/id115.html</ref> | + | * The lack of erosion between rock layers<ref>http://www.amazon.com/review/R1WTZL8GG4H9K0</ref><ref>http://www.knowthebible.net/id115.html</ref> |
| − | * levels of contamination in water are rising, as water procedes through the [[water cycle]] it becomes progressively more contaminated. If earth (and life) had existed for billions of years, a limit would have long been reached where water (essential to life) was too contaminated for life to continue. | + | * Levels of contamination in water are rising, as water procedes through the [[water cycle]] it becomes progressively more contaminated. If earth (and life) had existed for billions of years, a limit would have long been reached where water (essential to life) was too contaminated for life to continue. |
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| | === Biology === | | === Biology === |
| − | * the age of onset of [[puberty|sexual maturity]] is rapidly changing, suggesting that life is in a short-term rather than long-term equilibrium<ref>For evidence of a rapidly changing age for sexual maturity in fish, see http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/235</ref> | + | * The age of onset of [[puberty|sexual maturity]] is rapidly changing, suggesting that life is in a short-term rather than long-term equilibrium<ref>For evidence of a rapidly changing age for sexual maturity in fish, see http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/235</ref> |
| − | * the high observed rate of [[extinctions of species]] and harmful [[genetic mutation]]s suggest a relatively short period for the existence of life rather than a long one. | + | * The high observed rate of [[extinctions of species]] and harmful [[genetic mutation]]s suggest a relatively short period for the existence of life rather than a long one. |
| − | * the age of onset of [[cancer]] is markedly decreasing,<ref>http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/109865519/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0</ref> suggesting rapid changes inconsistent with an alleged long existence to life | + | * The age of onset of [[cancer]] is markedly decreasing,<ref>http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/109865519/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0</ref> suggesting rapid changes inconsistent with an alleged long existence to life |
| − | * the oldest direct evidence of life -- written documents, remnants of civilizations, tree rings, etc. -- is no older than about 3000 B.C. | + | * The oldest direct evidence of life -- written documents, remnants of civilizations, tree rings, etc. -- is no older than about 3000 B.C. |
| − | * the number of natural, pure-bred bred dogs declines over time as dogs naturally crossbreed; a short period of time is suggested by the fact that there are over 100 different natural, pure breeds of dog thriving today | + | * The number of natural, pure-bred bred dogs declines over time as dogs naturally crossbreed; a short period of time is suggested by the fact that there are over 100 different natural, pure breeds of dog thriving today |
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| | == References == | | == References == |