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Line 104: − + − − ==Regional plans== − − Amongst its stated objectives is the establishment of a Shiite theocracy in [[Lebanon]]. − <ref>http://www.aph.gov.au/Library/pubs/rn/2002-03/03rn42.htm</ref> − Hezbollah's goal is the establishment of an Islamic state encompassing Lebanon and Israel. − <ref>http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/hezbollah.asp</ref> − Many in the [[Lebanese]] [[Christian]] diaspora, beyond the reach of Hezbollah intimidation, speak out forcefully against turning Lebanon into a [[Shia]] [[theocracy]] emulating Iran. − <ref>http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/08/08/death_and_destruction_are_hezbollahs_goals/</ref> Line 84:
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=Iranian, Syrian Backed: Arab Islamic Hezbollah Global Terrorists=
=Iranian, Syrian Backed: Arab Islamic Hezbollah Global Terrorists=
Huzbollah is a radical Shi’a Muslim organization fighting against Israel and “western imperialism” in Lebanon, and has advocated since its beginning (1982) for an Islamic State, Tehran style<ref>http://www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=2082</ref>. The group does not recognize the legitimacy of the State of Israel. Hezbollah refers to itself with multiple titles including the “Organization of the Oppressed on Earth” and the “Revolutionary Justice Organization.” Its main goal is the establishment of an Islamic government across the Arab world that will “liberate” Jerusalem and the entire area of the present-day State of Israel.
It is financed and armed by Iran and enjoys full backing from Syria. Hezbollah was founded with the help of Iranian Revolutionary Guards.
Syria backs Hizballah morally and has also supplied it with money and arms. In return, Hizballah protects Syria’s political and military interests in Lebanon.
<ref>http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/hezbollah.asp</ref><ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizbollah.html</ref>
The two major leaders of Hezbollah are Secretary General Sheikh Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah and the organization's spiritual chief, Sheikh Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah, both named "specially designated global terrorists" by the U.S. government.
<ref name=emerson>http://www.steveemerson.com/4281/blood-money-hezbollahs-revenue-stream-flows</ref>
It was founded and continued, and still is marked by violence, locally and worldwide, though, recently, it tries to portray itself as a mere "political" party.
It has been said that: "The very year Hezbollah was founded it became the most lethal terrorist organization in Lebanon" & "neither had ever managed to spill so much blood in a single incident."
<ref name=elieberman>''Radical, Religious, and Violent: The New Economics of Terrorism'', Eli Berman, MIT Press, 2009, p. 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=R7jvDS3OiAUC&pg=PA50]</ref>
==Funding==
==Funding==
<ref>http://counterterrorismblog.org/2007/11/hezbollah_financing_through_cr.php</ref>
<ref>http://counterterrorismblog.org/2007/11/hezbollah_financing_through_cr.php</ref>
====South America====
====Latin America====
The 'Hezbollah's global finance network' includes "The Triple Frontier" (in South America) - "Argentina, Brasil & Paraguay." <ref>http://www.meib.org/articles/0201_l2.htm</ref>, <ref>http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/HH03Aa01.html</ref>
The 'Hezbollah's global finance network' includes "The Triple Frontier" (in South America) - "Argentina, Brasil & Paraguay." <ref>http://www.meib.org/articles/0201_l2.htm</ref>, <ref>http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/HH03Aa01.html</ref>
There's an extensive report on "Hezbollah and the Drug Trade in South America" - Hezbollah is active in the drug trade in Colombia, a web of criminality that extends from Lebanon to Africa to South America.
There's an extensive report on "Hezbollah and the Drug Trade in South America" - Hezbollah is active in the drug trade in Colombia, a web of criminality that extends from Lebanon to Africa to South America.
<ref>http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/testimony/313.pdf</ref>
<ref>http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/testimony/313.pdf</ref>
Douglas Farah wrote in 2006 on "Hezbollah’s External Support Network in West Africa and Latin America" that Hezbollah, has the largest financial structure in Latin America and it is similar to that in of the organization’s Africa structure, that is to say, structured along family/clan lines. These clans have family members across the continent’s main free trade zones of Panama, (Venezuela's) Isla Margarita and the TBA (tri-border area), allowing for multiple opportunities to launder funds by over invoicing stocks, under invoicing merchandise and thtough the use of little-monitored electronic money transfer systems and bulk money smuggling. The first study of this overlapping clan structure spread across broad geographic areas was not undertaken until 2004.
The TBA has for years drawn attention as a center for contraband smuggling, drug trafficking and large-scale money laundering, in part because all of the countries whose borders are involved profit from the illicit trade. It is also an easy place to hide and move money. Estimates of the amount of drug money alone laundered through the two main urban centers in the TBA, Foz do Iguacu and Ciudad del Este, range as high as $12 billion a year.
<ref>http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.118/pub_detail.asp</ref>
From a 2003 research on Hezbollah "Hezbollah: A Case Study of Global Reach":
Hezbollah is also active in Chile, Venezuela, Cuba, Panama and Ecuador.
<ref>http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/print.php?template=C07&CID=132</ref>
Counter terrorism expert Steven Emerson wrote in 2007 in an article titled "Blood Money: Hezbollah's revenue stream flows through the Americas":<blockquote>A New Front. Hezbollah operatives have frequently sought out sympathetic members of the Lebanese Diaspora to assist them, several of whom have owned and operated Lebanese restaurants. Salim Boughader Mucharrafille, owner of Cafe La Libanesa in Tijuana, Mexico, was arrested in December 2002 for running a ring that allegedly smuggled at least 200 Lebanese compatriots into the United States , including an employee of Al- Manar, Hezbollah's television station. Although it was never confirmed, Boughader was suspected of having helped Kourani to slip over the border. Last May, a Mexican judge sentenced Boughader to 14 years in prison for organized crime and human smuggling.
<br>
The case of Rady Zaiter, a.k.a. David Assi Alvarez, is an example of drug-running activities designed to benefit Hezbollah, using a restaurant as a front. In June 2005, Ecuadorian police broke up an international drug-trafficking ring led by the owners of El Turco restaurant: Zaiter and his partner, Maher Hamajo. The restaurant in Quito served as the logistical center for the ring's activities. Drug mules carried cocaine in double bottomed suitcases bound for other countries in South America, as well as Europe and the Middle East. According to investigating authorities, Hezbollah received at least 70 percent of the drug money. Additionally, officials confiscated more than $150,000 and 2,000 euros. Further arrests were made in Brazil, Syria and the Dutch Antilles, bringing the total apprehended to 19 people. El Turco, like the Detroit-area restaurant La Shish that was recently allegedly linked to Hezbollah, was a very popular restaurant, appreciated by the locals.
<ref name=emerson>http://www.steveemerson.com/4281/blood-money-hezbollahs-revenue-stream-flows</ref></blockquote>
In 2008, Colombia smashed a drug ring tied to Hezbollah, Colombian authorities said that they had broken up a drug and money-laundering ring in an international operation that included the capture of three suspects from the Middle East who used profits from the drug trade to fund Hezbollah.
More than 100 suspects were arrested in Colombia and overseas on charges that they trafficked drugs and laundered cash for Colombia’s Norte del Valle cartel and outlawed paramilitaries, in a network that stretched from South America to Asia.
“The criminal organization used routes through Venezuela, Panama, Guatemala, the Middle East and Europe, bringing in cash from the sale of these substances,” the statement said.
<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/22/world/americas/22colombia.html</ref><ref>http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2008-10-22-voa37-66602227.html</ref>
From 'Inside Homeland Security' 2009: <blockquote>Muslim businessmen operating companies in Panama “for many years” have laundered funds for Hezbollah, Hamas and the PLO.<ref>http://www.insidehomelandsecurity.com/articles/news/59/15/The-Rise-of-Islamist-Extremism-in-Latin-America</ref></blockquote>
====U.S.====
====U.S.====
America,' a 41-year-old businessman, was arrested at his Dearborn home on charges of smuggling funds to Hezbollah.<ref>http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20050519-092915-7312r.htm</ref>
America,' a 41-year-old businessman, was arrested at his Dearborn home on charges of smuggling funds to Hezbollah.<ref>http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20050519-092915-7312r.htm</ref>
In 2009, a grand jury in Philadelphia indicted four men in connection with a plot to support Hezbollah through schemes like buying machine guns.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/25/us/25philly.html?_r=1</ref>
In 2009, a grand jury in Philadelphia indicted four men in connection with a plot to support Hezbollah through schemes like buying machine guns.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/25/us/25philly.html?_r=1</ref>
Al-Mabarrat has a U.S.-based branch headquartered in Dearborn, Mich. Founded in 1991, the Al-Mabarrat Charitable Organization-USA, Inc., has repeatedly changed its name over the past 15 years. Although Al-Mabarrat acknowledges on its Web site that it works in conjunction with the Al-Mabarrat Association in Lebanon (whose logo it shares), it omits the fact that Al-Mabarrat Lebanon is run by Sheikh Fadlallah. Despite Al- Mabarrat USA's direct link to a Fadlallah-controlled organization, the U.S. branch continues to operate unfettered.
Hezbollah's use of Al-Mabarrat as a fund-raising front is a savvy strategic move, mirroring a tactic long exploited by terrorist groups operating on U.S. soil. By utilizing charities, terrorists can generate popular support by providing some legitimate services, attract contributions from donors both unwitting and aware, and attempt to obscure financial trails. But such operations extend far beyond the United States.
<ref name=emerson>http://www.steveemerson.com/4281/blood-money-hezbollahs-revenue-stream-flows</ref>
====Europe====
====Europe====
From a report on "Hezbollah Around the World" - Arabs, Muslims in [[Germany]] have been key fund raising center for Hezbollah. through crimes of: drug trafficking, weapons and people smuggling, document and currency fraud. <ref>http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/hezbollah_overview.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_7</ref> From a May 2010 report: 'Hezbollah funded by drug trade in Europe,' German police arrested Lebanese men who transferred millions of Euros to family connected to Hezbollah.
From a report on "Hezbollah Around the World" - Arabs, Muslims in [[Germany]] have been key fund raising center for Hezbollah. through crimes of: drug trafficking, weapons and people smuggling, document and currency fraud. <ref>http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/hezbollah_overview.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_7</ref> From a May 2010 report: 'Hezbollah funded by drug trade in Europe,' German police arrested Lebanese men who transferred millions of Euros to family connected to Hezbollah.
<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/news/report-hezbollah-funded-by-drug-trade-in-europe-1.261091</ref><ref>http://www.thelocal.de/national/20100109-24465.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/news/report-hezbollah-funded-by-drug-trade-in-europe-1.261091</ref><ref>http://www.thelocal.de/national/20100109-24465.html</ref>
Hezbollah has established several front charities, mainly operating from Great Britain and Germany, to raise funds earmarked to support the group's members in Lebanon . For example, the British-based Lebanese Welfare Committee, HELP Charity Association for Relief and Abrar Islamic Foundation are among the charities suspected of channeling funds to Sheikh Nasrallah and Hezbollah.
<ref name=emerson>http://www.steveemerson.com/4281/blood-money-hezbollahs-revenue-stream-flows </ref>
====U.S. Mexican border====
====U.S. Mexican border====
For at least since the early 1980s, Hezbollah had also raised some cash through the sale of diamonds from Sierra Leone, intelligence sources said. Bah, they said, was long suspected of brokering diamond deals through buyers connected to Hezbollah, assisted by sympathetic Lebanese businessmen across the region.
For at least since the early 1980s, Hezbollah had also raised some cash through the sale of diamonds from Sierra Leone, intelligence sources said. Bah, they said, was long suspected of brokering diamond deals through buyers connected to Hezbollah, assisted by sympathetic Lebanese businessmen across the region.
<ref>D. Farah, "Digging Up Congo's Dirty Gems; Officials Say Diamond Trade Funds Radical Islamic Groups," Washington Post, 30 December, 2001 [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A40026-2001Dec29¬Found=true ][http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/182/33794.html ] [http://www.kongo-kinshasa.de/dokumente/divers/wp12-01.pdf ]
<ref>D. Farah, ''Digging Up Congo's Dirty Gems; Officials Say Diamond Trade Funds Radical Islamic Groups'', Washington Post, 30 December, 2001 [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A40026-2001Dec29¬Found=true ][http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/182/33794.html ] [http://www.kongo-kinshasa.de/dokumente/divers/wp12-01.pdf ]
qdt in:[http://books.google.com/books?id=luPNuThpx6QC&pg=PA86 ]</ref>
qdt in:[http://books.google.com/books?id=luPNuThpx6QC&pg=PA86 ]</ref>
==Character, racism, fascism==
==Character, racism, fascism==
It has been written in an article titled "Hezbollah's Nazi roots" that "Hezbollah's Nazi salute evokes memories of [[Hitler]]'s support for [[Arab]] agitators such as the Grand Mufti ([[al-Husayni]]) of Jerusalem and the leaders of a pro-[[Nazi]] coup."<ref>http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/issuesideas/story.html?id=e3157f0d-21ad-41e9-b26e-a3c06a460e73</ref>
It has been written in an article titled "Hezbollah's Nazi roots" that "Hezbollah's Nazi salute evokes memories of [[Hitler]]'s support for [[Arab]] agitators such as the Grand Mufti ([[al-Husayni]]) of Jerusalem and the leaders of a pro-[[Nazi]] coup."<ref>http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/issuesideas/story.html?id=e3157f0d-21ad-41e9-b26e-a3c06a460e73</ref>
==Iran's arm: "Big Satan, Little Satan" & martyrdom philosophy==
From the book, 'Planting hatred, sowing pain: the psychology of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict':<blockquote>
Palestinians are constantly exposed to cultural products that expouse classical anti-Semitic ideas. Fir example, a television series produced by Hezbollah, the south Lebanon Shiite militia group, titled Al-Shatat. This series is focused oin the old middle-ages myth of the blood libel (in which Jews --supposedly-- need the blood of Christian children for the Passover matzoth).
<ref>''Planting hatred, sowing pain: the psychology of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict'', Moises F. Salinas, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, p. 24 [http://books.google.com/books?id=9Tt9d6gnUkoC&pg=PR24]</ref></blockquote>
<font size=1>Related, from an [[ADL]] speech: <blockquote>In recent years, Jews were killed because they were Jews, something we have not witnessed since World War II, at the hands of jihadists. There was the Buenos Aires bombings of the Israeli embassy and the Jewish center; there was the kidnapping and murder of Daniel Pearl in Pakistan; there was the kidnapping and murder of Ilan Halimi in Paris; and there was the attack on the Seattle Jewish Federation. Hamas and Hezbollah do not want to kill for land, but to eliminate Jews and a Jewish presence. <ref>http://www.adl.org/main_Anti_Semitism_International/threat_islamic_extremism.htm</ref></blockquote></font>
===Nasrallah & the Jews===
Within a month of Nasrallah's taking over as leader, Hezbollah (with the help of Iranian intelligence) bombed the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires, killing 29 and injuring over 200. The next attack perpetrated by Hezbollah—again with Iranian help—was the bombing of the Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, killing 86 and injuring over 200.
The widening arena of Hezbollah's attacks stemmed from Nasrallah's perception that Jews anywhere are legitimate targets. In fact, Nasarallah has said:
<blockquote>
If they (Jews) all gather in Israel, it will save us the trouble of going after them worldwide. (Daily Star, Oct. 23, 2002)<ref>http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_ID=1&article_ID=38204&categ_id=2#axzz0pYls8Frn</ref><ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/23/books/the-enemy-within.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2</ref><ref>http://www.adl.org/main_terrorism/hezbollah_overview.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_7</ref><ref>http://www.ajc.org/atf/cf/%7B42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF%7D/HIZBALLAH_SPEAKS_092006.PDF</ref></blockquote>
Shiite scholar Amal Saad-Ghorayeb analyzed the anti-Jewish roots of Hezbollah ideology in her book Hezbollah: Politics & Religion. In it, she quotes Hassan Nasrallah describing his antipathy toward Jews:
<blockquote>If we searched the entire world for a person more cowardly, despicable, weak and feeble in psyche, mind, ideology and religion, we would not find anyone like the Jew. Notice, I do not say the Israeli. (New Yorker, Oct. 14, 2002)<ref>''Nuclear logics: contrasting paths in East Asia and the Middle East'' by Etel Solingen, Princeton University Press, 2007 [http://books.google.com/books?id=dZc3udnvlbIC&pg=PA335]</ref></blockquote>
Nasrallah also incoroporates anti-Semitic rhetoric in speeches. For example, he has characterized Jews as the "grandsons of apes and pigs" and "Allah's most cowardly and greedy creatures." (MEMRI: Al- Manar, Feb. 3, 2006)
<ref>http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=7&x_issue=11&x_article=1158</ref><ref>http://www.jcpa.org/text/ahmadinejad2-words.pdf</ref>
In 1998, Ashura commemorations of Hessein's martyrdom coincided with Israel's fiftieth anniversary. Nasrallah used the occasion to lambaste Israelis as "the descendants of apes and pigs. "A few million vagabonds from all over the world, brought together..."
<ref>''Dreams and shadows: the future of the Middle East,'' Robin B. Wright, Penguin Group, 2008, ISBN 1594201110, 9781594201110, p. 180[http://books.google.com/books?id=nzXA7PZdO0AC&pg=PA180]</ref><ref>''Out of step: life-story of a politician : politics and religion in a world at war'' ,Jack Brian Bloom, Jack Bloom, 2005, p. 104 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Kr2gAAAAMAAJ&dq=hezbollah]</ref><ref>''The War Against the West: Crucial Conversations with the Most Informed Experts about Our Enemies, Our Defenses, Our Strategy and Our Leaders in the Long War Against Islamist Extremism'', Hugh Hewitt, Xulon Press, 2008, p. 200 [http://books.google.com/books?id=CFCHgaADriIC&pg=PA200]</ref>
==Iran's arm: "Big Satan, Little Satan"==
Israel and the United States as Portrayed in the Doctrine of Hezbollah:
Israel and the United States as Portrayed in the Doctrine of Hezbollah:
<ref>http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/iran_hezbollah_e1b.htm</ref> and it seeks to-- Eradicating the 'Little Satan.'
<ref>http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/iran_hezbollah_e1b.htm</ref> and it seeks to-- Eradicating the 'Little Satan.'
2) Hatred of the [[United States]] (“the big Satan”)
2) Hatred of the [[United States]] (“the big Satan”)
<ref>http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hezbollah.htm</ref>
<ref>http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hezbollah.htm</ref>
==Death cult, suicide missions, martyrdom philosophy, inventing 'mass casualty' bombing==
The doctrine of Hezbollah: Suicide attacks (“the shortest road to Allah”) are of supreme value.
<ref>http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hezbollah.htm</ref>
In May 2006, Nasrallah appeared on the network to explain that "our nation's willingness to sacrifice their blood, souls, children, fathers, and families" is an advantage over the Jews "who guard their lives."
<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/08/opinion/08iht-edlevin.2417146.html</ref>
The modern, high-casualty suicide attack, which has changed our lives irreversibly, was invented by Hezbollah in Lebanon in 1982.
<ref name=elieberman>''Radical, Religious, and Violent: The New Economics of Terrorism'', Eli Berman, MIT Press, 2009, p. 50 [http://books.google.com/books?id=R7jvDS3OiAUC&pg=PA50]</ref>
To attack the multinational forces, Hezbolah invented a terrible new weapon--the suicide truck bomb. The group loaded several hundred pounds of explosives into a truck. A member of the group--someone prepared to sacrifice his or her life--would drive the truck in front of an embassy or into a military base.
The driver then set off the explosives with a control switch in the truck's cab. The detonation would instantly destroy the driver, the truck, and any buildings or people standing within several hundred feet.
Sheikh Fadlallah and Hezbollah never took credit for these attacks. As a Shi'ite cleric, Fadlallah knew that Islam would get tarnished by terrorism and the killing of innocent civilians. Fadlallah also claimed to be running the Hezbollah as a political, not a military organization.
However, as Many Islamic nation have declared jihads against enemies. For this reason, an organization calling itself the "Islamic Jihad" publicly claimed responsibility for terrorists acts in Lebanon. For several years, the United States and other governments tried to find out who was running the Islamic Jihad. In fact, Hezbollah and Islamic Jihad were one and the same.
<ref>''International Terrorists'', profiles Series, profiles (Minneapolis, Minn.),
by Thomas Streissguth, The Oliver Press, Inc., 1993, ISBN 1881508072, 9781881508076, pp. 130-131 [http://books.google.com/books?id=vdKnY1vRKZkC&pg=PA130]</ref>
==Regional plans==
Amongst its stated objectives is the establishment of a Shiite theocracy in [[Lebanon]].
<ref>http://www.aph.gov.au/Library/pubs/rn/2002-03/03rn42.htm</ref>
Hezbollah's goal is the establishment of an Islamic state encompassing Lebanon and Israel.
<ref>http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/hezbollah.asp</ref>
Many in the [[Lebanese]] [[Christian]] diaspora, beyond the reach of Hezbollah intimidation, speak out forcefully against turning Lebanon into a [[Shia]] [[theocracy]] emulating Iran.
<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/08/08/death_and_destruction_are_hezbollahs_goals/</ref>
==Global Plans==
==Global Plans==
In March, 1984, Hezbollah operatives kidnapped William Francis Buckley, the CIA's station chief in [[Lebanon]]. He was whisked to [[Damascus]] and on to [[Tehran]], where, after 15 months of torture, he succumbed to a heart attack.
In March, 1984, Hezbollah operatives kidnapped William Francis Buckley, the CIA's station chief in [[Lebanon]]. He was whisked to [[Damascus]] and on to [[Tehran]], where, after 15 months of torture, he succumbed to a heart attack.
<ref>Willful Blindness: A Memoir of the Jihad By Andrew C. McCarthy, Encounter Books, 2008, p. 97
<ref>''Willful Blindness: A Memoir of the Jihad'' by Andrew C. McCarthy, Encounter Books, 2008, p. 97
[http://books.google.com/books?&id=5dgoAQAAIAAJ&dq=buckley]</ref>
[http://books.google.com/books?&id=5dgoAQAAIAAJ&dq=buckley]</ref>
The [[United States]] asserts that top Hezbollah military commander who was one of America's most wanted men, accused of involvement in a string of bombings, hijackings and kidnappings during the 1980s and 1990s, [[Imad Mughniyeh]], was also behind the torture and murder of [[William Buckley]], the CIA station chief in Beirut, in 1984; the kidnapping, torture and murder of Lieutenant Colonel William Richard Higgins of the Marines, who was on peacekeeping duty in Lebanon in 1988; and, through the Islamic Jihad Organization, the seizure of Western hostages in Beirut during the 1980s.
The [[United States]] asserts that top Hezbollah military commander who was one of America's most wanted men, accused of involvement in a string of bombings, hijackings and kidnappings during the 1980s and 1990s, [[Imad Mughniyeh]], was also behind the torture and murder of [[William Buckley]], the CIA station chief in Beirut, in 1984; the kidnapping, torture and murder of Lieutenant Colonel William Richard Higgins of the Marines, who was on peacekeeping duty in Lebanon in 1988; and, through the Islamic Jihad Organization, the seizure of Western hostages in Beirut during the 1980s.
<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/world/africa/13iht-syria.4.10025106.html?pagewanted=all</ref>
<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/world/africa/13iht-syria.4.10025106.html?pagewanted=all</ref>
<ref>Lightning out of Lebanon: Hezbollah terrorists on American soil By Tom Diaz, Barbara Newman, p. 64 [http://books.google.com/books?cd=4&id=waboAAAAIAAJ&dq=torture ]</ref> <ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/jul/20/20060720-081459-2509r/</ref>
<ref>''Lightning out of Lebanon: Hezbollah terrorists on American soil'', Tom Diaz, Barbara Newman, p. 64 [http://books.google.com/books?cd=4&id=waboAAAAIAAJ&dq=torture ]</ref> <ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/jul/20/20060720-081459-2509r/</ref>
From a legal claim against [[Iran]]:<blockquote> In the instant case the evidence once again discloses that Iran provided Hezbollah with funding, direction and training for its terrorist activities in Lebanon, including the kidnapping and torture of Terry Anderson hezbollah kidnapping torture and his imprisonment as a hostage for 2,454 days.
From a legal claim against [[Iran]]:<blockquote> In the instant case the evidence once again discloses that Iran provided Hezbollah with funding, direction and training for its terrorist activities in Lebanon, including the kidnapping and torture of Terry Anderson hezbollah kidnapping torture and his imprisonment as a hostage for 2,454 days.
<ref>Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act: Congressional Hearing, Bill McCollum, DIANE Publishing, 2002, p. 24 [http://books.google.com/books?id=XB4lFqK_2SgC&pg=PA24]</ref></blockquote>
<ref>''Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act: Congressional Hearing'', Bill McCollum, DIANE Publishing, 2002, p. 24 [http://books.google.com/books?id=XB4lFqK_2SgC&pg=PA24]</ref></blockquote>
Dec. 31, 1986: Under the alias Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, Hezbollah announces it had kidnapped and murdered three Lebanese [[Jews]]. The organization previously had taken responsibility for killing four other Jews since 1984.
Dec. 31, 1986: Under the alias Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, Hezbollah announces it had kidnapped and murdered three Lebanese [[Jews]]. The organization previously had taken responsibility for killing four other Jews since 1984.
<ref>http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1148</ref>
<ref>http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1148</ref>
The 1985 Hezbollah torture-murder of Isaac Tarab, 63, and Chaim Halala Cohen, 39, the 1986 Hezbollah's torturing to death of Ibrahim Benesti, aged 54, of Beirut, and his elderly relatives, Yehudah and Yosef, Benesti's family – like many [[Lebanese]] [[Jews]] – had been in [[Lebanon]] since 2,000 B.C. (before the birth of [[Mohammed]]), [described as a charitable and kindly candy store owner who gave free candy to children of all religions]. All these crimes were motivated for no other reason than for the victims simply being Jewish.<ref>http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=11798</ref>
The 1985 Hezbollah torture-murder of Isaac Tarab, 63, and Chaim Halala Cohen, 39, the 1986 Hezbollah's torturing to death of Ibrahim Benesti, aged 54, of Beirut, and his elderly relatives, Yehudah and Yosef, Benesti's family – like many [[Lebanese]] [[Jews]] – had been in [[Lebanon]] since 2,000 B.C. (before the birth of [[Mohammed]]), [described as a charitable and kindly candy store owner who gave free candy to children of all religions]. All these crimes were motivated for no other reason than for the victims simply being Jewish.<ref>http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=11798</ref> See: [[#Character, racism, fascism]].
The [[Time]] has a detailed piece by William Dowell in May 23, 1988 titled: "Three Years in the Belly of Beirut": <blockquote>"They weren't human or inhuman. They were nonhuman." That was how French Journalist Jean-Paul Kauffmann, quoting fellow hostage Michel Seurat, , described the pro-Iranian Islamic Jihad terrorists who held him hostage for three years. The wrenching account of his kidnaping, captivity and release appeared last week in L'Evenement du Jeudi, the French newsmagazine Kauffmann worked for when he and French Researcher Seurat were abducted in May 1985.
7 Apr 2005 - Two [[Israeli-Arabs]] from the village of Rajar near the Israel-Lebanon border were kidnapped by Hezbollah operatives and held in captivity for four days. The men, identified as Muki Ben-Jamal and Nuef Maharj Ben-Ali, said they were interrogated by their captors who wanted information on [[Israel]].
<ref name=aijac-timeline>http://www.aijac.org.au/resources/hezb_00-06.html</ref>
The [[Time]] had a detailed piece by William Dowell in May 23, 1988 titled: "Three Years in the Belly of Beirut": <blockquote>"They weren't human or inhuman. They were nonhuman." That was how French Journalist Jean-Paul Kauffmann, quoting fellow hostage Michel Seurat, , described the pro-Iranian Islamic Jihad terrorists who held him hostage for three years. The wrenching account of his kidnaping, captivity and release appeared last week in L'Evenement du Jeudi, the French newsmagazine Kauffmann worked for when he and French Researcher Seurat were abducted in May 1985.
<br>
<br>
The two men became hostages by chance after missing a Beirut airport bus and deciding to take a taxi. When a Mercedes pulled alongside and ordered them to stop, they expected a robbery. Instead they were forced into the back of the gunmen's car. What followed was three years of intimidation and psychological torture.
The two men became hostages by chance after missing a Beirut airport bus and deciding to take a taxi. When a Mercedes pulled alongside and ordered them to stop, they expected a robbery. Instead they were forced into the back of the gunmen's car. What followed was three years of intimidation and psychological torture.
<ref>http://www.nydailynews.com/news/us_world/2008/02/14/2008-02-14_hezbollah_terror_thug_behind_83_lebanon_.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.nydailynews.com/news/us_world/2008/02/14/2008-02-14_hezbollah_terror_thug_behind_83_lebanon_.html</ref>
A US federal judge found (in 2003) Iran liable for the 1983 bombing of a US marine barracks. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2951938.stm</ref> <ref>http://www.cnn.com/2003/LAW/05/30/iran.barracks.bombing/</ref>
A US federal judge found (in 2003) Iran liable for the 1983 bombing of a US marine barracks. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2951938.stm</ref> <ref>http://www.cnn.com/2003/LAW/05/30/iran.barracks.bombing/</ref>
The Beirut mission started out as an effort to stabilize a fragile peace in a war-torn country. Lebanon had been in turmoil since the Palestine Liberation Organization, having been expelled from Jordan, took refuge there in the 1970s. In 1975, a panoply of Christian and Muslim militias, turned what had been a Middle East oasis into a no-man's land of urban warfare.
The situation fell apart quickly. Islamic Militia leaders began to view the [[United States]] and its allies as favoring the Christian-led forces of the Lebanese government. <ref>http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/terror.htm</ref>
====Targeting Israeli civilians====
====Targeting Israeli civilians====
Hezbollah has been '''targeting Israeli civilians, for years.''' since the 1980s, (Which prompted Israel in 1996 to conduct a defensive operation "Grapes of Wrath." <ref>http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1148</ref>) its main weapon - firing missiles into residential areas.<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/news/barak-to-un-hezbollah-arms-target-israeli-civilians-1.266260</ref><ref>http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3275609,00.html</ref>
Hezbollah has been '''targeting Israeli civilians, for years.''' since the 1980s, (Which prompted Israel in 1996 to conduct a defensive operation "Grapes of Wrath." <ref>http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1148</ref>) its main weapon - firing rockets, missiles into residential areas<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/news/barak-to-un-hezbollah-arms-target-israeli-civilians-1.266260</ref><ref>http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3275609,00.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/news/eight-hurt-as-record-number-of-rockets-hits-northern-israel-1.194063</ref>
<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/news/eight-hurt-as-record-number-of-rockets-hits-northern-israel-1.194063</ref>
<ref>http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=37034</ref>
<ref>http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=37034</ref>
<ref>http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/7/24/154609.shtml</ref>
<ref>http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/7/24/154609.shtml</ref>
<ref>http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/8956/hezbollah-rocket-attacks-hurt-19-israelis-in-kiryat-shmona/</ref>
<ref>http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/8956/hezbollah-rocket-attacks-hurt-19-israelis-in-kiryat-shmona/</ref>
<ref>http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/exeres/9EE216D7-82EF-4274-B80D-6BBD1803E8A7,frameless.htm?NRMODE=Published</ref>
<ref>http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/exeres/9EE216D7-82EF-4274-B80D-6BBD1803E8A7,frameless.htm?NRMODE=Published</ref>.
For example, in 24 Jul 2006 - Hezbollah fired more than 70 Katyusha rockets into Israel, several of which landed in Nahariya, Safed, and Kiryat Shmona. Medics treated at least 49 people who were lightly to moderately wounded. More than 2200 rockets have been fired at Israeli cities since July 12, killing 17 Israelis, all of them civilians. 20 Israeli soldiers were killed in other incidents.
<ref name=aijac-timeline>http://www.aijac.org.au/resources/hezb_00-06.html</ref>. Though there were also other methods like in Apr 2001 – A 42 year-old Israeli woman was stabbed to death in Haifa. Her murder was the initiation rite of a terrorist cell, whose members were apprehended in July. Six members of a Hezbollah-linked Palestinian terrorist cell responsible for the murder, originally thought to be criminally motivated, were arrested in July. The murder was the initiation rite of one of the terrorists into the organization.
<ref>''Chronologies of modern terrorism'', Barry Rubin, Barry M. Rubin, Judith Colp Rubin, M.E. Sharpe, 2008, ISBN 0765620472, 9780765620477, p. 218</ref><ref>http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Victims+of+Palestinian+Violence+and+Terrorism+sinc.htm</ref>
====Use of its civilian population in war====
====Use of its civilian population in war====
<ref>http://washingtontimes.com/op-ed/20060730-093558-9976r.htm</ref>,
<ref>http://washingtontimes.com/op-ed/20060730-093558-9976r.htm</ref>,
<font size=1>(copying the Arab-Palestinian tactics routine [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Hamas+war+against+Israel/Hamas+exploitation+of+civilians+as+human+shields+-+Photographic+evidence.htm ]
<font size=1>(copying the Arab-Palestinian tactics routine [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Hamas+war+against+Israel/Hamas+exploitation+of+civilians+as+human+shields+-+Photographic+evidence.htm ]
[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2006Nov22/0,4670,PalestiniansHumanShields,00.html ] [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,227222,00.html ][http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0901/04/sm.03.html ][http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6166998.stm ][http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/05/israel.gaza/index.html ][http://www.pmw.org.il/latestBulletins.htm ][http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jan/08/hamas-palestinian-victims/print/ ][http://article.wn.com/view/2010/03/15/Israeli_report_Hamas_used_civilians_as_human_shields_in_Gaza/][http://www.iris.org.il/blog/archives/2102-Palestinians-Brag-About-Using-Human-Shields-for-Terrorists.html ][http://www.peacewithrealism.org/headline/gaza02.htm ][http://www.peacewithrealism.org/headline/admit.htm ][http://www.palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=157&doc_id=1304 ][http://littlegreenfootballs.com/weblog/?entry=23431&only&rss ])</font>, this crime has been categorized as a "Hezbollah specialty" <ref>http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/krauthammer072806.php3</ref>, even using the [[U.N.]]<ref>http://www.drudge.com/archive/83811/hezbollah-used-un-human-shields</ref>, in their initiated war with Israel, A.) to cause casualties among their own Arab population, especially among children, in order to generate sympathy and an outcry in the Arab world. B.) Hated Israelis' image get tarnished, an "important" goal in it of itself to make the Zionists look as "killers." C.) To cripple Israel's humane army to respond, thus enables them to come out as "heroes." <ref>http://www.telospress.com/main/index.php?main_page=news_article&article_id=112</ref> & saviours against the Zionist enemy."
[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2006Nov22/0,4670,PalestiniansHumanShields,00.html ] [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,227222,00.html ][http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0901/04/sm.03.html ][http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6166998.stm ][http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/05/israel.gaza/index.html ][http://www.pmw.org.il/latestBulletins.htm ][http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jan/08/hamas-palestinian-victims/print/ ][http://article.wn.com/view/2010/03/15/Israeli_report_Hamas_used_civilians_as_human_shields_in_Gaza/][http://www.iris.org.il/blog/archives/2102-Palestinians-Brag-About-Using-Human-Shields-for-Terrorists.html ][http://www.peacewithrealism.org/headline/gaza02.htm ][http://www.peacewithrealism.org/headline/admit.htm ][http://www.palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=157&doc_id=1304 ][http://littlegreenfootballs.com/weblog/?entry=23431&only&rss ])</font>, especially was publicized, in their initiated war with Israel, Hezbollah's use of "Christian villages as shields in missile attacks." witnesses: "If Israel does nothing Hezbollah will continue to fire rockets from inside Lebanon shockingly using Christians as human shields actually." "Hezbollah is hiding among civilian populations and launching attacks behind human shields." <ref>http://www.christiannewswire.com/news/17528670.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/hezbollah_uses_christian_villages_as_shields_in_missile_attacks/</ref>, this crime has been categorized as a "Hezbollah specialty" <ref>http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/krauthammer072806.php3</ref>, even using the [[U.N.]]<ref>http://www.drudge.com/archive/83811/hezbollah-used-un-human-shields</ref>, A.) to cause casualties among their own Arab population, especially among children, in order to generate sympathy and an outcry in the Arab world. B.) Hated Israelis' image get tarnished, an "important" goal in it of itself to make the Zionists look as "killers." C.) To cripple Israel's humane army to respond, thus enables them to come out as "heroes." <ref>http://www.telospress.com/main/index.php?main_page=news_article&article_id=112</ref> & saviours against the Zionist enemy."
====Subjugation, persecution====
====Subjugation, persecution====
<ref>http://www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=2389</ref>
<ref>http://www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=2389</ref>
===Attack on US, French embassies in Kuwait===
===Global violence===
Hezbollah is another example (like Al Qaeda) of an Islamist insurgency that is both local and transnational.
<ref>''Heads we win: the cognitive side of counterinsurgency (COIN)'', David C. Gompert, RAND Corporation, 2007, p. 27 [http://books.google.com/books?id=xLDuAAAAMAAJ&q=hezbollah]</ref>
====Attack on US, French embassies in Kuwait====
Hezbollah's responsible for [[U.S.]] and [[French]] embassies attacks in [[Kuwait]] in 1983
Hezbollah's responsible for [[U.S.]] and [[French]] embassies attacks in [[Kuwait]] in 1983
In Kuwait, 17 people were arrested and convicted for participating in the attacks. One of those convicted was Mustafa Youssef Badreddin, a cousin and brother-in-law of one of Hezbollah's senior officers, [[Imad Mughniyah]]. After a six-week trial in Kuwait, Badreddin was sentenced to death for his role in the bombings.<ref>http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/cron.html</ref>
In Kuwait, 17 people were arrested and convicted for participating in the attacks. One of those convicted was Mustafa Youssef Badreddin, a cousin and brother-in-law of one of Hezbollah's senior officers, [[Imad Mughniyah]]. After a six-week trial in Kuwait, Badreddin was sentenced to death for his role in the bombings.<ref>http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/cron.html</ref>
===Hijacking Kuwaiti planes===
====Hijacking Kuwaiti planes====
A year after the 1983 attacks (on US, French targets), Kuwait Airways flight 221 was hijacked wherein the hijackers demanded the release of Islamic militant: 'Al-Dawa 17.' Two US passengers were killed and Iranian police freed the hijackers in [[Iran]] where the plane had been diverted. Imad Mugniyah and Hezbollah were accused by US authorities in the hijacking and killings.
A year after the 1983 attacks (on US, French targets), Kuwait Airways flight 221 was hijacked wherein the hijackers demanded the release of Islamic militant: 'Al-Dawa 17.' Two US passengers were killed and Iranian police freed the hijackers in [[Iran]] where the plane had been diverted. Imad Mugniyah and Hezbollah were accused by US authorities in the hijacking and killings.
The plane was diverted to Cyprus where two young [[Kuwait]]is aged 20 and 25 were tortured and then shot. Their dead bodies were dumped on the tarmac of the [[Cyprus]] airport.<ref>http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=MTM4NTY5MTEwMA==</ref><ref>http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ct_130208e.htm</ref><ref>http://www.esisc.org/documents/pdf/en/note-hezbollah-eng.pdf</ref>
The plane was diverted to Cyprus where two young [[Kuwait]]is aged 20 and 25 were tortured and then shot. Their dead bodies were dumped on the tarmac of the [[Cyprus]] airport.<ref>http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=MTM4NTY5MTEwMA==</ref><ref>http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ct_130208e.htm</ref><ref>http://www.esisc.org/documents/pdf/en/note-hezbollah-eng.pdf</ref>
===Iraq===
====Iraq====
Already in November 24, 2003, The [[New York Times]] elaborated in an article: "A region inflamed, the hand of Tehran," Hezbollah, in Iraq, that Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed Shiite group, has established a significant presence in Iraq.<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFDE113BF937A15752C1A9659C8B63</ref>
Already in November 24, 2003, The [[New York Times]] elaborated in an article: "A region inflamed, the hand of Tehran," Hezbollah, in Iraq, that Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed Shiite group, has established a significant presence in Iraq.<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEFDE113BF937A15752C1A9659C8B63</ref>
In May, 2010, the [[US]] said that [[Syria]] must curb arm shipments to Hezbollah, top US diplomat has urged [[Syria]] to do more to prevent arms shipments to the militant [[Lebanese]] Hezbollah and stem the flow of militants into [[Iraq]].<ref>http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h9Pa9-v36WUhm6_Mqn4inXf_J8iAD9FQL82O0</ref>
In May, 2010, the [[US]] said that [[Syria]] must curb arm shipments to Hezbollah, top US diplomat has urged [[Syria]] to do more to prevent arms shipments to the militant [[Lebanese]] Hezbollah and stem the flow of militants into [[Iraq]].<ref>http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h9Pa9-v36WUhm6_Mqn4inXf_J8iAD9FQL82O0</ref>
===Somalia===
====Somalia====
The [[New York Times]] reported on Hezbollah in [[Somalia]]. <ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/15/world/middleeast/15nations.html</ref>
The [[New York Times]] reported on Hezbollah in [[Somalia]]. <ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/15/world/middleeast/15nations.html</ref>
From [[NPR]] (November 15, 2006), the "[[U.N.]] Report ties [[Somali]] Islamists to Hezbollah," in an alarming report about the situation in Somalia.
From [[NPR]] (November 15, 2006), the "[[U.N.]] Report ties [[Somali]] Islamists to Hezbollah," in an alarming report about the situation in Somalia.
<ref>http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6493083</ref>
<ref>http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6493083</ref>
More than 700 Somali fighters are said to have gone to support and get training from Hezbollah..
<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6154690.stm</ref>
===Afghanistan===
====Afghanistan====
Hezbollah Link in the war in Afghanistan have been found. <ref>http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?t=116544</ref>
Hezbollah Link in the war in Afghanistan have been found. <ref>http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?t=116544</ref>
===Sudan===
====Sudan====
The Hezbollah, reportedly, is very supportive of Al-Bashir's genocide in the [[Sudan]].
The Hezbollah, reportedly, is very supportive of Al-Bashir's genocide in the [[Sudan]].
<ref>http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews+articleid_2432545&title=Lebanese_Hezbollah_Holds.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews+articleid_2432545&title=Lebanese_Hezbollah_Holds.html</ref>
===Egypt===
====Egypt====
In 2009, the [[BBC]] reported that [[Egypt]] was 'hunting Hezbollah suspects'<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7996665.stm</ref>, prosecutor accused Hezbollah of plotting attacks in Egypt, of sending operatives to [[Egypt]] to carry out attacks in the country and to smuggle weapons.<ref>http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1469836.php/Prosecutor_accuses_Hezbollah_of_plotting_attacks_in_Egypt__Roundup</ref>
In 2009, the [[BBC]] reported that [[Egypt]] was 'hunting Hezbollah suspects'<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7996665.stm</ref>, prosecutor accused Hezbollah of plotting attacks in Egypt, of sending operatives to [[Egypt]] to carry out attacks in the country and to smuggle weapons.<ref>http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1469836.php/Prosecutor_accuses_Hezbollah_of_plotting_attacks_in_Egypt__Roundup</ref>
Analysts said that the Egypt-Hezbollah standoff dents Egypt-Iran relations.<ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/13/content_11180887.htm</ref>
Analysts said that the Egypt-Hezbollah standoff dents Egypt-Iran relations.<ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/13/content_11180887.htm</ref>
===Azerbaijan===
====Azerbaijan====
Hezbollah plotted embassy attack' in Azerbaijan - was revealed in 2009. A trial under way in Azerbaijan of two Hezbollah members and four Azeris, where prosecutors drew a link between Iranian-backed Hezbollah terror missions.
Hezbollah plotted embassy attack' in Azerbaijan - was revealed in 2009. A trial under way in Azerbaijan of two Hezbollah members and four Azeris, where prosecutors drew a link between Iranian-backed Hezbollah terror missions.
<ref>http://www.ijn.com/ijn-news/international/1017-iran-hezbollah-plotted-embassy-attack-in-azerbaijan</ref><ref>http://jta.org/news/article/2009/05/31/1005514/hezbollah-plot-to-bomb-azerbaijan-embassy-foiled</ref>
<ref>http://www.ijn.com/ijn-news/international/1017-iran-hezbollah-plotted-embassy-attack-in-azerbaijan</ref><ref>http://jta.org/news/article/2009/05/31/1005514/hezbollah-plot-to-bomb-azerbaijan-embassy-foiled</ref>
===Europe===
====Europe====
====Hijacking TWA flight====
=====Hijacking TWA flight=====
Among the highlighted terror crimes of the Hezbollah is the: [[TWA]] Hijacking, June 14, 1985: A Trans-World Airlines flight was hijacked en route to [[Rome]] from [[Athens]] by two Lebanese Hizballah terrorists, (the two terrorists were brandishing grenades and pistols) and forced to fly to Beirut. The eight crew members and 145 passengers were held for seventeen days, during which one American hostage, a [[U.S.]] Navy sailor, was murdered. After being flown twice to [[Algiers]], the aircraft was returned to [[Beirut]] after Israel released 435 Lebanese and [[Palestinian]] prisoners.
Among the highlighted terror crimes of the Hezbollah is the: [[TWA]] Hijacking, June 14, 1985: A Trans-World Airlines flight '847' was hijacked en route to [[Rome]] from [[Athens]] by two Lebanese Hizballah terrorists, and forced to fly to Beirut. The eight crew members and 145 passengers were held for seventeen days, during which one American hostage, a [[U.S.]] Navy sailor, was murdered. After being flown twice to [[Algiers]], the aircraft was returned to [[Beirut]] after Israel released 435 Lebanese and [[Palestinian]] prisoners.
<ref>http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/terror_chron.html</ref><ref>http://www.fbi.gov/page2/jan06/longarm010506.htm</ref><ref>http://army.mil/terrorism/1989-1980/index.html</ref><ref>http://terrorism.grady.uga.edu/history/analysistwa.html</ref> <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/30/newsid_2527000/2527337.stm</ref><ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011010-1.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/terror_chron.html</ref><ref>http://www.fbi.gov/page2/jan06/longarm010506.htm</ref><ref>http://army.mil/terrorism/1989-1980/index.html</ref><ref>http://terrorism.grady.uga.edu/history/analysistwa.html</ref> <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/30/newsid_2527000/2527337.stm</ref><ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011010-1.html</ref>
====Dowining of a French airline====
The plane was on a scheduled flight from Cairo to Athens. Hijackers --the two terrorists were brandishing grenades and pistols-- forced it to Beirut and twice went to Algiers before returning to Beirut releasing most of the (non-American) 152 passengers along the way, and murdering U.S. Navy diver Robert Stethem, one of the passengers—beating him, torturing, shooting him in the temple and dumping his body on the tarmac of Beirut International Airport (June 15).
On June 30, Hezbollah released 39 American passengers they held captive for 17 days.
German authorities arrested [[Mohammed Ali Hammadi]] and convicted him of Stethem’s murder in 1987. Hammadi was paroled in 2005 and returned to Beirut, where he is believed to be living today (2009). <ref>http://middleeast.about.com/b/2009/07/01/robert-stethems-murder-on-twa-flight-847.htm</ref><ref>http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-07-17/news/1994198059_1_stethem-lebanon-officer-2nd-class</ref>
<ref>http://michellemalkin.com/2008/02/13/justice-for-robert-dean-stethem-the-marines-in-beirut-and-other-american-victims-of-hezbollah/</ref>
From a letter, Robert's brother Kenneth has sent to president George W. Bush in 2006 as Robert's murderer was released by the German government (and fled to Lebanon) in an apparent exchange for a [[German]] hostage in [[Iraq]]:<blockquote>While Robert was being dragged to the door, he knew that all he had to do in order to live was to cry into that transmitter, but he wouldn't do it. He would not give in to the demands of the terrorists. He would not allow the honor and dignity of America to be intimidated by the fear and pain that Hammadi and terrorists everywhere represent. Robert sacrificed his life in order to protect our liberty and defend our way of life.<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/01/09/opinion/main1190219.shtml </ref></blockquote>
=====Dowining of a French airline=====
The [[Los Angeles Times]] wrote in November 1, 1989 that a Palestinian group allied with Hezbollah is linked to a plane crash.<blockquote>
The [[Los Angeles Times]] wrote in November 1, 1989 that a Palestinian group allied with Hezbollah is linked to a plane crash.<blockquote>
<ref>http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-11-01/news/8911013269_1_hezbollah-bomb-police-in-paris</ref></blockquote>
<ref>http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-11-01/news/8911013269_1_hezbollah-bomb-police-in-paris</ref></blockquote>
====Terror attack on French department stores====
=====Terror attack on French department stores=====
Paris' Boulevard Haussmann was targeted in 1985 and 1986 during attacks on [[Paris]] department stores, many of them claimed by the Lebanese Hezbollah militants, which left 13 dead and 303 injured.
Paris' Boulevard Haussmann was targeted in 1985 and 1986 during attacks on [[Paris]] department stores, many of them claimed by the Lebanese Hezbollah militants, which left 13 dead and 303 injured.
<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/world/europe/17paris.html</ref> <ref>http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601100&sid=aB8Ct9mWIdhw&refer=germany</ref>
<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/world/europe/17paris.html</ref> <ref>http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601100&sid=aB8Ct9mWIdhw&refer=germany</ref>
====Attempts of 'massive-attacks' in 2009====
=====Network=====
Although Europe has recently been exempt from Hezbollah attacks, numerous intelligence experts and officials assert that the group's operatives maintain cells across the continent. German authorities, in particular, have expressed concern about the presence of several hundred Hezbollah members in their country.
Reports of an increase in Hezbollah recruiting have emerged in eastern European countries, specifically Slovakia, Bosnia and Russia . And over the past few years, Hezbollah has sent operatives with European identification papers to Israel in order to collect intelligence for future attacks. Efforts by European authorities to curtail Hezbollah's influence have included France 's 2004 ban of Hezbollah's television station and chief propaganda machine, Al- Manar, from that nation's satellite television providers. Spain and the United States have made similar moves.
<ref name=emerson>http://www.steveemerson.com/4281/blood-money-hezbollahs-revenue-stream-flows </ref>
=====Attempts of attacks between 1988-1996=====
Other attacks researchers have attributed to Hezbollah include an unsuccessful attempt to carry out attacks in Cyprus in 1988; a plot, foiled by Spanish police, to carry out attacks against Jewish targets in Europe in 1989; an unsuccessful attempt to detonate a car bomb outside a Jewish community building in Romania in 1992; and a planned 1996 attack, also foiled by police, on an Israeli institution in Paris.
<ref>http://www.cnsnews.com/public/content/article.aspx?RsrcID=40451</ref>
=====Attempts of 'massive-attacks' in 2009=====
In 2009, there was a report of a "Massive Hezbollah Terror Attack Against Israeli Target In Europe," that has been thwarted. <ref>http://www.nationalterroralert.com/updates/2009/01/28/report-massive-hezbollah-terror-attack-against-israeli-target-in-europe-thwarted/</ref>
In 2009, there was a report of a "Massive Hezbollah Terror Attack Against Israeli Target In Europe," that has been thwarted. <ref>http://www.nationalterroralert.com/updates/2009/01/28/report-massive-hezbollah-terror-attack-against-israeli-target-in-europe-thwarted/</ref>
===South America===
====Latin America====
====Venezuela====
From a US statement in 1995 titled "Latin American Terrorism backed by Iran" <blockquote>"We believe that Hizballah activities, which include narcotics and smuggling as well as terrorism, are supported in the tri-border area of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. The organization is known to have cells in Colombia and Venezuela as well. Hizballah cells are concealed amidst the large Shia' Muslim population of Lebanese origin which has settled in the tri-border area."
<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/congress/1995_h/h950928w.htm</ref></blockquote>
=====Venezuela=====
US designated two Hezbollah operatives in [[Venezuela]] as terrorists- Hezbollah has used the tri-border region between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to recruit, train, raise and launder money, and plot attacks.
US designated two Hezbollah operatives in [[Venezuela]] as terrorists- Hezbollah has used the tri-border region between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to recruit, train, raise and launder money, and plot attacks.
<ref>http://www.forbes.com/2009/01/21/venezuela-iran-terror-oped-cx_mr_des_0121rowanschoen.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.forbes.com/2009/01/21/venezuela-iran-terror-oped-cx_mr_des_0121rowanschoen.html</ref>
====Attack on Israeli embassy in Argentina====
<font size=1>(Worth mentioning [asides from Chavez's "personal" war with "imperialist" US] that Venezuela, has a large Lebanese-Arab community <ref>http://www.dawn.com/2005/05/14/int14.htm</ref>, many of them supported, financed Chavez's presidency.
There's also a significant concentration of this community in the area bordering with Colombia (Macau).
Jews have been attacked<ref>http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=10717&ArticleId=326963</ref> in that country.
From a (2000) report on "Antisemitism And Racism," responses to the intifada in the
media, in wall graffiti and by Arab organizations in Venezuela such as FEARAB
(Arab Federation for Latin America) were directed at de-legitimizing the State
of Israel, which was accused of causing the Palestinian tragedy. The radical
language used against Israel was not infrequently antisemitic, for example, the
comparison of Israeli soldiers with Nazis <ref>http://antisemitism.tau.ac.il/asw2000-1/venezuela.htm</ref>, described (in 2009) as "the New Hero in the Arab World." <ref>http://www.usnews.com/blogs/mideast-watch/2009/1/16/venezuelas-chavez-the-new-hero-in-the-arab-world.html?s_cid=etRR-0224</ref>, moreover, Hezbollah's Nasrallah said: Arabs have much to learn from Chavez.<ref>http://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/comments/7oi23/nasrallah_arabs_have_much_to_learn_from_chavez</ref>, he was even exhorting his countrymen to return to their "Arab roots," Chavez has paid
state visits to rouge-Arab-Islamic states like: Libya, Iraq and Iran and signed a series of mutual-cooperation.<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_6_19/ai_98415813</ref>, it has been said that "The
Arabs have appreciated Chavez's declarations of support, and the Arab League has
promised to lobby in behalf of Venezuela in the United Nations."<ref>http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/07/23/MNG18K43KL1.DTL</ref>, a defector even accused: 'Chavez gave money to Al Qaeda.'<ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=30350</ref>
In an alarming report, the [[ADL]] wrote (2008) "Chavez's Venezuela: The Jewish Community Under Threat" on praise for Chavez
and his anti-Israel actions echoed across the Arab and Muslim, Chavez Fosters
Atmosphere of Intimidation and Fear for Venezuelan Jewish community.<ref>http://www.adl.org/main_Anti_Semitism_International/Chavez_Venezuela_Under_Threat.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_10</ref>, and that the Chavez Regime is 'Fostering Anti-Semitism, hate and Supporting Radical Islamists, which led to a rise in Anti-Semitism in Venezuela.<ref>http://www.adl.org/main_International_Affairs/venezuela_anti_semitism_report.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_5</ref>, Intelligence sources say Chavez is withholding information on Arabs, some of whom were important financial contributors to terrorism.<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_2_19/ai_96238181/pg_2</ref>, and has illegally given more than 270 Venezuelan passports to Arab
extremists. <ref>http://www.defenddemocracy.org/in_the_media/in_the_media_show.htm?doc_id=265102</ref>)</font>
=====Attack on Israeli embassy in Argentina=====
Hezbollah & Iran attacked the Israel's embassy in Argentina in 1992, in which 29 people were killed.
Hezbollah & Iran attacked the Israel's embassy in Argentina in 1992, in which 29 people were killed.
<ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/argentina.html</ref>
<ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/argentina.html</ref>
====Attack on a Jewish center (Amia) in Argentina====
=====Attack on a Jewish center (Amia) in Argentina=====
Hezbollah and [[Iran]] both are also charged, via clear evidence, by Argentinian court, with the (civilian building) [[Amia]] terror bombing which killed 85 and wounded 300. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6085768.stm</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3179861.stm</ref><ref>http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/eng_n/argentina_e.htm</ref><ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20061026/ai_n16818404</ref>, furthermore, Argentina accuses Iran of meddling in probe of the 1994 Jewish center bombing<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/787765.html</ref>, the investigation finds [[Iranian]], Hezbollah and [[Syrian]] involvement. <ref>http://www.adl.org/Terror/terror_buenos_aries_attack.asp</ref>
Hezbollah and [[Iran]] both are also charged, via clear evidence, by Argentinian court, terror bombing on the (civilian building) [[Amia]] 'Jewish-Argentine Mutual Association Community Cente' which killed 85 and wounded 300. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6085768.stm</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3179861.stm</ref><ref>http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/eng_n/argentina_e.htm</ref><ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20061026/ai_n16818404</ref>, furthermore, Argentina accuses Iran of meddling in probe of the 1994 Jewish center bombing<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/787765.html</ref>, the investigation finds [[Iranian]], Hezbollah and [[Syrian]] involvement. <ref>http://www.adl.org/Terror/terror_buenos_aries_attack.asp</ref>
[[Haaretz]] wrote in detail on "How Iran planned the Buenos Aires blast - 1994" <ref>http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=273898&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0:</ref>
[[Haaretz]] wrote in detail on "How Iran planned the Buenos Aires blast - 1994" <ref>http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=273898&contrassID=2&subContrassID=1&sbSubContrassID=0:</ref>
=====Bombing in Panama=====
July 19, 1994 Panama, A suicide bomber reportedly linked to Hezbollah detonated a bomb on a commuter plane in Colón, [[Panama]], killing all 21 people aboard, including 12 [[Jewish]] businessmen, at least four of whom were [[Israeli]], and three [[U.S.]] citizens.
<ref>http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/hezbollah_overview.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_5</ref><ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/congress/1995_h/h950928w.htm</ref><ref>http://www.cnsnews.com/public/content/article.aspx?RsrcID=40451 </ref>
Earlier, on July 18, a bomb killed 95 people at a Jewish center in Buenos Aires,
Argentina. The next day, an explosion on a commuter plane in Panama killed all 21 people aboard, inclding 12 Jews. An anti-Israel group in Lebanon had indirectly claimed responsibility for both attacks.
<ref>''Asian bulletin, Volume 19, Issues 7-12'', Asian Peoples' Anti-Communist League, Asian-Pacific Anti-Communist League, APLFD (Organization), APACL Publications, 1994, p. 71
[http://books.google.com/books?cd=10&id=pkonAAAAMAAJ&dq=panama]</ref>
Experts on terrorism make the link, after the Lebanese newspaper An- Nahar published a communique from an organization calling itself Ansar Allah taking responsibility for the AMIA bombing as well as the bombing over Panama of an Alas Chiricanas passenger airliner.
As it turns out, the name Ansar Allah turned out to be one of the many fictitious names that Hezbollah has used to claim responsibility for its attacks. Moreover, experience has shown that Hezbollah has habitually adopted this method for the clear purpose of avoiding blame for the various actions it has carried out, except for those realized in Lebanon where the conflict has taken the form of a conventional war.
<ref>http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/argentina_amia_e.htm</ref>
From the [[LA Times]], Aug. 4, 1994 "Hezbollah: The Latin connection."<blockquote>Bombings in Argentina and Panama prompt concern over the radical group's growing presence in the region. Experts say lax security and porous borders create a prime base for terrorists.<ref name=latimes1994>http://articles.latimes.com/1994-08-04/news/mn-23412_1_porous-borders</ref></blockquote>
==References==
==References==
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