Changes

Roosevelt’s economic adviser, Rexford Tugwell, the “most prominent of the Brain Trusters and the man often considered the chief ideologist of the 'first New Deal' (roughly, 1933–34),”<ref>Ralph Raico, "[http://www.fff.org/freedom/0201e.asp FDR — The Man, the Leader, the Legacy, Part 11]," ''Freedom Daily'', February 2001</ref> was "open in his respect for Mussolini's economic policies." Of the Fascist system he wrote, "It's the cleanest, neatnest [sic], most efficiently operating piece of social machinery I've ever seen. It makes me envious." Tugwell, "the most left-wing member of Roosevelt's brain trust,"<ref>Wolfgang Schivelbusch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z3GV5_n1h04C Three New Deals: Reflections on Roosevelt's America, Mussolini's Italy, and Hitler's Germany, 1933-1939]'' (Macmillan, 2006) ISBN 080507452X, p. 31-32</ref> said, “I find Italy doing many of the things which seem to me necessary... Mussolini certainly has the same people opposed to him as FDR has. But he has the press controlled so that they cannot scream lies at him daily.”<ref>Jonah Goldberg, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=wHihWKJE3asC Liberal Fascism: the Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning]'' (Random House, Inc., 2008) ISBN 0385511841, p.156</ref>

Roosevelt’s economic adviser, Rexford Tugwell, the “most prominent of the Brain Trusters and the man often considered the chief ideologist of the 'first New Deal' (roughly, 1933–34),”<ref>Ralph Raico, "[http://www.fff.org/freedom/0201e.asp FDR — The Man, the Leader, the Legacy, Part 11]," ''Freedom Daily'', February 2001</ref> was "open in his respect for Mussolini's economic policies." Of the Fascist system he wrote, "It's the cleanest, neatnest [sic], most efficiently operating piece of social machinery I've ever seen. It makes me envious." Tugwell, "the most left-wing member of Roosevelt's brain trust,"<ref>Wolfgang Schivelbusch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z3GV5_n1h04C Three New Deals: Reflections on Roosevelt's America, Mussolini's Italy, and Hitler's Germany, 1933-1939]'' (Macmillan, 2006) ISBN 080507452X, p. 31-32</ref> said, “I find Italy doing many of the things which seem to me necessary... Mussolini certainly has the same people opposed to him as FDR has. But he has the press controlled so that they cannot scream lies at him daily.”<ref>Jonah Goldberg, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=wHihWKJE3asC Liberal Fascism: the Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning]'' (Random House, Inc., 2008) ISBN 0385511841, p.156</ref>

Tugwell wrote that Roosevelt “had a good Harvard education when Fabianism was developing, and he probably knew quite well the work of Wells and Shaw.<ref>Anne Jackson Fremantle, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=IRQdAAAAIAAJ This Little Band of Prophets: The British Fabians]'' (New American Library, 1960), p. 233</ref> But as John T. Flynn, who had supported Roosevelt in the 1932 election, observed, "the line between fascism and Fabian socialism is very thin. Fabian socialism is the dream. Fascism is Fabian socialism plus the inevitable dictator."<ref>John T. Flynn, "The Road Ahead," ''Reader's Digest'', February 1950, reprinted in Gregory P. Pavlik. ''[http://mises.org/books/forgotten_lessons_flynn.pdf Forgotten Lessons: Selected Essays of John T. Flynn]'' (The Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., 1995) p. 189</ref> One Fabian socialist from the 1920s and '30s, Oswald Mosley,<ref>Rose L. Martin, ''[Fabian Freeway: High Road to Socialism in the U.S.A., 1884-1966]'' (Fidelis, 1968), p. 62</ref> went on to found and lead the British Union of Fascists, lauded by George Bernard Shaw,<ref>Gareth Griffith, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=aGAEWDI3SR4C Socialism and Superior Brains: The Political Thought of Bernard Shaw]'' (CRC Press, 2002) ISBN 0203210832, p. 263</ref> a Fabian who also admired both [[Mussolini]] and [[Hitler]].<ref>"[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70810FA3C5513738DDDA90994DA415B838FF1D3 Shaw Heaps Praise Upon the Dictators: While Parliaments Get Nowhere, He Says, Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin Do Things]," From an Address By George Bernard Shaw, ''The New York Times'', December 10, 1933</ref>

Tugwell wrote that Roosevelt “had a good Harvard education when Fabianism was developing, and he probably knew quite well the work of Wells and Shaw.<ref>Anne Jackson Fremantle, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=IRQdAAAAIAAJ This Little Band of Prophets: The British Fabians]'' (New American Library, 1960), p. 233</ref> But as John T. Flynn, who had supported Roosevelt in the 1932 election, observed, "the line between fascism and Fabian socialism is very thin. Fabian socialism is the dream. Fascism is Fabian socialism plus the inevitable dictator."<ref>John T. Flynn, "The Road Ahead," ''Reader's Digest'', February 1950, reprinted in Gregory P. Pavlik. ''[http://mises.org/books/forgotten_lessons_flynn.pdf Forgotten Lessons: Selected Essays of John T. Flynn]'' (The Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., 1995) p. 189</ref> One Fabian socialist from the 1920s and '30s, Oswald Mosley,<ref>Rose L. Martin, ''[Fabian Freeway: High Road to Socialism in the U.S.A., 1884-1966]'' (Fidelis, 1968), p. 62</ref> went on to found and lead the British Union of Fascists, in which role he was lauded by George Bernard Shaw,<ref>Gareth Griffith, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=aGAEWDI3SR4C Socialism and Superior Brains: The Political Thought of Bernard Shaw]'' (CRC Press, 2002) ISBN 0203210832, p. 263</ref> a Fabian who also admired both [[Mussolini]] and [[Hitler]].<ref>"[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70810FA3C5513738DDDA90994DA415B838FF1D3 Shaw Heaps Praise Upon the Dictators: While Parliaments Get Nowhere, He Says, Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin Do Things]," From an Address By George Bernard Shaw, ''The New York Times'', December 10, 1933</ref>

Shaw had contempt for freedom. Mussolini, Hitler and other dictators, he wrote, "can depend on me to judge them by their ability to deliver the goods," rather than by what Shaw dismissed as "comfortable notions of freedom."<ref>[[#refHollander98|Hollander 1998]]: 169</ref> Shaw thoroughly endorsed<ref>Edvins Snore, ''[http://www.sovietstory.com/ The Soviet Story]'' ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQvsf2MUKRQ Clip])</ref> the [[Nazi]] doctrine of "life unworthy of life" (''Lebensunwertes Leben'').<ref>Dr. Stuart D. Stein, [http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/mord.htm "Life Unworthy of Life" and other Medical Killing Programmes], University of the West of England</ref> In the [[BBC]]'s weekly magazine, he made a 1933 "appeal to the chemists to discover a humane gas that will kill instantly and painlessly. Deadly by all means, but humane not cruel..."<ref>''The Listener'' (London), February 7, 1934</ref> His appeal would shortly come to fruition in [[Nazi]] Germany.<ref>"The use of poison gas&mdash;first carbon monoxide and then Zyklon B&mdash;was the technological achievement permitting 'humane killing.'' Robert Jay Lifton, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=bv8IAqVh8EAC The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide]'' (Basic Books, 1986) ISBN 0465049052, p. 453</ref> Asked what [[Briton]]s should do if the [[Nazi]]s crossed the channel into [[Britain]], Shaw replied, "Welcome them as tourists."<ref>Thomas Sowell, "[http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/sowell092401.asp Pacifism and war]," ''Jewish World Review'', September 24, 2001 (7 Tishrei, 5762)</ref>

Shaw had contempt for freedom. Mussolini, Hitler and other dictators, he wrote, "can depend on me to judge them by their ability to deliver the goods," rather than by what Shaw dismissed as "comfortable notions of freedom."<ref>[[#refHollander98|Hollander 1998]]: 169</ref> Shaw thoroughly endorsed<ref>Edvins Snore, ''[http://www.sovietstory.com/ The Soviet Story]'' ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQvsf2MUKRQ Clip])</ref> the [[Nazi]] doctrine of "life unworthy of life" (''Lebensunwertes Leben'').<ref>Dr. Stuart D. Stein, [http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/mord.htm "Life Unworthy of Life" and other Medical Killing Programmes], University of the West of England</ref> In the [[BBC]]'s weekly magazine, he made a 1933 "appeal to the chemists to discover a humane gas that will kill instantly and painlessly. Deadly by all means, but humane not cruel..."<ref>''The Listener'' (London), February 7, 1934</ref> His appeal would shortly come to fruition in [[Nazi]] Germany.<ref>"The use of poison gas&mdash;first carbon monoxide and then Zyklon B&mdash;was the technological achievement permitting 'humane killing.'' Robert Jay Lifton, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=bv8IAqVh8EAC The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide]'' (Basic Books, 1986) ISBN 0465049052, p. 453</ref> Asked what [[Briton]]s should do if the [[Nazi]]s crossed the channel into [[Britain]], Shaw replied, "Welcome them as tourists."<ref>Thomas Sowell, "[http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/sowell092401.asp Pacifism and war]," ''Jewish World Review'', September 24, 2001 (7 Tishrei, 5762)</ref>