| − | {{stub}}A powerful Italian family from the 13th to the 17th century; produced 3 popes, members of European royalty, and encouraged the Italian [[The Renaissance|Renaissance]]. | + | {{stub}}A city in Saudi Arabia. Muhammed and the early Muslims fled to Medina from [[Mecca]] to avoid persecution by the polytheistic Meccans. This journey to Medina is called the [[hijra]], and the Muslim calendar dates from the start date of the hijra. |