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The Japanese media have featured articles on the escalation of youth crime and discontent, as well as the many forms of corruption that teenagers are exposed to in transformed downtown Tokyo. The 2002 Naoki literary prize was awarded to a book that reacts to both urban development and the problems facing Tokyo adolescents - Ishida Ira's 4-Teen (2002). Ishida shows the effects of Tokyo's transformations on teenage social norms and uses descriptions of urban places to reveal contradictions embedded in these roles. This article examines the context of 4-Teen's publication and the awarding of the Naoki Prize and explores how stories that mix fiction and historical experience provide new ways of viewing the changes in Tokyo.<ref> Alisa Freedman, "Stories of Boys and Buildings: Ishida Ira's 4-teen in 2002 Toyko." ''Japan Forum'' 2006 18(3): 381-398. Issn: 0955-5803 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>
The Japanese media have featured articles on the escalation of youth crime and discontent, as well as the many forms of corruption that teenagers are exposed to in transformed downtown Tokyo. The 2002 Naoki literary prize was awarded to a book that reacts to both urban development and the problems facing Tokyo adolescents - Ishida Ira's 4-Teen (2002). Ishida shows the effects of Tokyo's transformations on teenage social norms and uses descriptions of urban places to reveal contradictions embedded in these roles. This article examines the context of 4-Teen's publication and the awarding of the Naoki Prize and explores how stories that mix fiction and historical experience provide new ways of viewing the changes in Tokyo.<ref> Alisa Freedman, "Stories of Boys and Buildings: Ishida Ira's 4-teen in 2002 Toyko." ''Japan Forum'' 2006 18(3): 381-398. Issn: 0955-5803 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]</ref>
==See also==
*[[Kanto]], the region
*[[Honshu]], the island
*[[Japan]]
*[[History of Japan]]
*[[F u k u s h i m a|Fu<i></i>kushima]]
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==External links==
* [http://www.japantimes.co.jp/ ''The Japan Times''] daily newspaper in English
* [http://www.asahi.com/english/ ''Asahi Shimbun''] daily newspaper, English edition
* [http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/tokyo/tokyo.htm Tokyo]
==Bibliography==
===Guides===
* DK. ''Tokyo'' (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Tokyo-EYEWITNESS-TRAVEL-GUIDE-Publishing/dp/0756632285/ref=pd_bbs_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207472114&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]
* ''Frommer's Tokyo''(2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Frommers-Tokyo-Complete-Beth-Reiber/dp/0470181559/ref=pd_bbs_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207472114&sr=8-11 excerpt and text search]
* Waley, Paul. ''Tokyo Now and Then: An Explorer's Guide.'' (1984). 592 pp
* Yanagihara, Wendy. ''Lonely Planet Tokyo Encounter'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Lonely-Planet-Tokyo-Encounter-Yanagihara/dp/1740595580/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207472114&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
===Contemporary ===
* Allinson, Gary D. ''Suburban Tokyo: A Comparative Study in Politics and Social Change.'' (1979). 258 pp.
* Bestor, Theodore. ''Neighborhood Tokyo'' (1989). [http://www.questia.com/read/91986553?title=Neighborhood%20Tokyo online edition]
* Bestor, Theodore. ''Tsukiji: The Fish Market at the Center of the World,'' (2004) [http://www.questia.com/read/105652913?title=Tsukiji%3a%20%20The%20Fish%20Market%20at%20the%20Center%20of%20the%20World online edition]
* Fowler, Edward. ''San’ya Blues: Laboring Life in Contemporary Tokyo.'' ( 1996) ISBN: 0801485703.
* Friedman, Mildred, ed. ''Tokyo, Form and Spirit.'' (1986). 256 pp.
* Jinnai, Hidenobu. ''Tokyo: A Spatial Anthropology.'' (1995). 236 pp.
* Reynolds, Jonathan M. "Japan's Imperial Diet Building: Debate over Construction of a National Identity." ''Art Journal.'' 55#3 (1996) pp 38+. [http://www.questia.com/read/5000419130?title=Japan's%20Imperial%20Diet%20Building%3a%20Debate%20over%20Construction%20of%20a%20National%20Identity online edition]
* Sassen, Saskia. ''The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo.''(1991). 397 pp.
* Sorensen, A. ''Land Readjustment and Metropolitan Growth: An Examination of Suburban Land Development and Urban Sprawl in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Land-Readjustment-Metropolitan-Growth-Examination/dp/0080437958/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207476468&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Waley, Paul. "Tokyo-as-world-city: Reassessing the Role of Capital and the State in Urban Restructuring." ''Urban Studies'' 2007 44(8): 1465-1490. Issn: 0042-0980 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]
===History===
* Beard, Charles A. ''The Administration and Politics of Tokyo'' (1923) [http://www.questia.com/read/556249?title=The%20Administration%20and%20Politics%20of%20Tokyo online edition]
* Brown, Arlo Ayres, III. "The Great Tokyo Riot: The History and Historiography of the Hibiya Incendiary Incident of 1905." PhD dissertation Columbia U. 1986. 425 pp. DAI 1986 47(3): 1025-A. DA8610746 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* Cybriwsky, Roman. ''Tokyo: The Shogun's City at the Twenty-first Century.'' (1998). 260 pp.
* Edoin, Hoito. ''The Night Tokyo Burned.'' (1987). 272 pp. On March 1945
* Fiévé, Nicolas and Paul Waley, eds. ''Japanese capitals in historical perspective: place, power and memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo'' (2003)
* Freedman, Alisa D. "Tracking Japanese Modernity: Commuter Trains, Streetcars, and Passengers in Tokyo Literature, 1905-1935." PhD dissertation U. of Chicago 2002. 300 pp. DAI 2002 63(4): 1347-A. DA3048377 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* Griggs, M. Pierce. "From Civilizing to Expertizing Bureaucracy: Changing Educational Emphasis in Government-Supported Schools of Tokyo (Edo) during the Tokugawa Period and Early Meiji Era." PhD dissertation U. of Chicago 1997. 303 pp. DAI 1998 58(10): 4031-A. DA9811860 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* Hastings, Sally Ann. ''Neighborhood and Nation in Tokyo, 1905-1937'' (1995),
* Karacas, Cary Lee. "Tokyo from the Fire: War, Occupation, and the Remaking of a Metropolis." PhD dissertation U. of California, Berkeley 2006. 333 pp. DAI 2007 67(8): 3111-A. DA3228373 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* McClain, James L., John M. Merriman, and Ugawa Kaoru, eds. ''Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era'' (1994)
* Masai, Y. "Tokyo: From a feudal million city to a global supercity," ''Geographical Review of Japan'' (1990) 63(B-1): 1–16
* Miller, Ian Jared. "The Nature of the Beast: The Ueno Zoological Gardens and Imperial Modernity in Japan, 1882-1945." PhD dissertation Columbia U. 2004. 273 pp. DAI 2007 68(1): 304-A. DA3249167 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* Phillips, David Peter. "Intersections of Modernity and Tradition: An Urban Planning History of Tokyo in the Early Meiji Period (1868-1888)." PhD dissertation U. of Pennsylvania 1996. 241 pp. DAI 1996 57(4): 1879-A. DA9627986 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* Raz, Aviad E. ''Riding the Black Ship: Japan and Tokyo Disneyland.'' (1999). 240 pp.
* Rozman, Gilbert. "Edo's Importance in the Changing Tokugawa Society." ''Journal of Japanese Studies'' 1974 1(1): 91-112. Issn: 0095-6848 [http://www.jstor.org/pss/133438 in Jstor]]
* Seidensticker, Edward. ''Low City, High City: Tokyo from Edo to the Earthquake'' (1983)
* Seidensticker, Edward. ''Tokyo Rising: The City since the Great Earthquake.'' (1990). 384 pp. [http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/papers/jhist4.htm online book review]
* Siebert, Loren. "Using GIS to Document, Visualize, and Interpret Tokyo's Spatial History." ''Social Science History'' 2000 24(3): 536-574. Issn: 0145-5532 [http://writingwiki.org//html/24.3siebert.html online]
* Smith, Henry D., II. "Tokyo as an Idea: an Exploration of Japanese Urban Thought until 1945." ''Journal of Japanese Studies'' 1978 4(1): 45-80. Issn: 0095-6848 [http://www.jstor.org/pss/132072 in Jstor]
* Tajima, Kayo. "The Marketing of Urban Human Waste in the Edo/Tokyo Metropolitan Area: 1600-1935." PhD dissertation Tufts U. 2005. 189 pp. DAI 2005 66(3): 1123-A. DA3167536 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
* Takenaka-O'Brien, Akiko. "The Aesthetics of Mass-Persuasion: War and Architectural Sites in Tokyo, 1868-1945." PhD dissertation Yale U. 2004. 549 pp. DAI 2004 65(3): 730-A. DA3125312 Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]
</nowiki>
===Primary sources===
* Plutschow, Herbert E., ed. ''Reader in Edo period travel.'' (Global Oriental: 2006)
* Shirane, Haruo, ed. ''Early Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology, 1600– 1900.'' (2002). 1050 pp
* Smith II, Henry D. ed. ''Hiroshige: One Hundred Famous Views of Edo'' (1986),
====notes====
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[[Category:Japanese Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Capital Cities]]
[[Category:Urban History]]
[[Category:Japanese History]]