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organization of courts
'''Federal court''' is a system of trial and appellate courts that resolves issues arising under the [[U.S. Constitution]], [[federal]] statutes, and disputes between different states and, where the controversy exceeds $75,000, citizens of different states.
'''Federal court''' is a system of trial and appellate courts that resolves issues arising under the [[U.S. Constitution]], [[federal]] statutes, and disputes between different states and, where the controversy exceeds $75,000, citizens of different states. They are organized as follows:
*The [[Supreme Court of the United States]], the court of last resort;
*The [[United States Court of Appeals]] (intermediate appellate court) for each of the country's 13 circuits;
*The [[United States District Courts]], one in each of the country's 94 judicial districts; the general [[trial court]]s;
*The [[United States Bankruptcy Court]]s, one in each of the country's 94 judicial districts; and
*Various specialized trial and appellate courts.<ref>[http://www.uscourts.gov/FederalCourts.aspx Federal Courts], from the United States Courts Web site</ref>
The 14th Amendment imposed new and vague limits on state sovereignty, and gave Congress broad power to implement those limits. Congress exercised that power by, among other things, vastly expanding the jurisdiction of the federal courts.
The 14th Amendment imposed new and vague limits on state sovereignty, and gave Congress broad power to implement those limits. Congress exercised that power by, among other things, vastly expanding the jurisdiction of the federal courts.