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| | |[[feudalism]] | | |[[feudalism]] |
| − | |The new system of government and economics for Western Europe in the 8th century of the Frankish kingdom; basic system consisted of a "noble" or "lord" who owned land (called a "fief") given by the king which was rented out to "vassals". These vassals, in turn, rented it out to the "peasants" or "serfs" to farm. | + | |way of life in Western Europe in the early Middle Ages, consisting of a "lord" who owned land (given by the king) on which "peasants" or "serfs" farmed in exchange for food and protection. |
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| | |[[First Punic War]] | | |[[First Punic War]] |
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| | |[[Karma]] | | |[[Karma]] |
| − | |In Hinduism, everything a person has done. Determines status in the next life | + | |In Hinduism, everything a person has done. This determines status in the next life, so a Hindu wants "good karma." |
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| | |[[Latin]] | | |[[Latin]] |
| − | |The language spoken in ancient Rome that has contributed to many modern day European languages, including English | + | |the powerful language spoken in ancient Rome that has contributed to many modern day European languages, including English |
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| | |[[Lyceum]] | | |[[Lyceum]] |
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| | |[[Niccolo Machiavelli]] | | |[[Niccolo Machiavelli]] |
| − | |An Italian political theorist and author of the ''The Prince'', the most famous guide to how a conniving politician can seize and hold power by dishonestly manipulating others | + | |An Italian political theorist who wrote the ''The Prince'', the most famous guide to how a conniving politician can seize and hold power by dishonestly manipulating others |
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| | |[[Magna Carta]] | | |[[Magna Carta]] |
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| | |[[maize]] | | |[[maize]] |
| − | |corn, first grown by Native Americans, now one of the most popular foods in the world | + | |corn, first grown by Native Americans, now one of the most popular foods in the entire world |
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| | |[[Mandate of Heaven]] | | |[[Mandate of Heaven]] |
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| | |[[Aryans]] | | |[[Aryans]] |
| − | |A semi-nomadic Nordic tribe that invaded and settled India around 1500 B.C. | + | |A semi-nomadic Nordic tribe who invaded and settled India around 1500 B.C. |
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| | + | |[[Ashoka]] |
| | + | |Emperor of the Mauryan Empire of India (273-232 B.C.). Upset by the horrors of war (despite winning), he converted to Buddhism and recorded Buddha's teachings on thousands of rock pillars. |
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| | + | |Assembly of Centuries |
| | + | |the group of representatives who approved new laws in the Roman republic |
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| | + | |Assembly of Tribes |
| | + | |the governing entity that held the election of representatives |
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| | |[[Ashoka]] | | |[[Ashoka]] |
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| | |[[Battle of Marathon]] | | |[[Battle of Marathon]] |
| | |In August 490 B.C., King Darius I of Persia brought his army to the plains of Marathon to invade Athens. Despite being outnumbered ten to one, the Athenian army defeated the Persians. | | |In August 490 B.C., King Darius I of Persia brought his army to the plains of Marathon to invade Athens. Despite being outnumbered ten to one, the Athenian army defeated the Persians. |
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| | + | |Battle of Chalons |
| | + | |451 BC: one of the bloodiest battles in world history and the last major victory of the Roman empire, when it defeated Attila the Hun in what is now France; Attila returned later for revenge and could have looted Rome |
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| | |[[Bhagavad Gita]] | | |[[Bhagavad Gita]] |