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Hezbollah's founding quickly resulted in a spate of kidnappings, torture.

Hezbollah's founding quickly resulted in a spate of kidnappings, torture.

<ref>http://article.nationalreview.com/300511/negotiate-with-iran/andrew-c-mccarthy</ref>

<ref>http://article.nationalreview.com/300511/negotiate-with-iran/andrew-c-mccarthy</ref>

Westerners, including French, German and Americans were target of Hezbollah's kidnapping.<ref>Christopher C. Harmon, Andrew N. Pratt, Sebastian Gorka, ''Toward a Grand Strategy Against Terrorism,'' McGraw Hill Professional, (2010), [http://books.google.com/books?id=fYp2NlDbrb0C&pg=PA46 p. 46]</ref><ref>Tom Diaz, Barbara Newman, ''Lightning Out of Lebanon: Hezbollah Terrorists on American Soil,'' Random House Digital, Inc. (2006), [http://books.google.com/books?id=KXa6qOt86OwC&pg=PA64 p. 64]</ref><ref>"Does Human Rights Law Apply to Terrorists?" Middle East Quarterly by T Lapkin, 2004 http://www.meforum.org/651/does-human-rights-law-apply-to-terrorists</ref><ref>Mark Perry, ''Talking to terrorists: why America must engage with its enemies,'' Basic Books (2010), [http://books.google.com/books?id=HDRG-EYhyZ0C&pg=PA140 p. 140]</ref><ref>http://www.michaeltotten.com/archives/2009/03/hezbollah-scout.php</ref> including hijacking US personell.<ref>Newsweek: Volume 109, 1987, [http://books.google.com/books?id=1eQmAQAAIAAJ&q=The+fanatics+in+Beirut+can+kidnap+them,+torture+them,+hang+them+publicly+and+dump+their+bodies+on+the+streets p. 117]</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C&pg=PA130</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=vHrQGZ8lUgIC&pg=PA73</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=HNyv0N8cVE0C&pg=PA85</ref><ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/162295/re-hezbollah-america/andy-mccarthy</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=m_ktBrZfuUYC&pg=PA118</ref><ref>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article708342.ece</ref><ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mf11.html</ref> An estimated kidnapping of 30 Westerners in that period are attributed to Hezbollah.<ref name="congress112">[http://books.google.com/books?id=W6gziQydtBwC&pg=RA2-PA112  Congressional Record - Page 112]</ref><ref>"Lebanon: Hezbollah's Kidnapping Plan," STRATFOR, Jan 22, 2008 http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/lebanon_hezbollahs_kidnapping_plan</ref><ref>Hizballah (“Party of God”) http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizbollah.html</ref><ref>Michael T. Kindt, Jerrold M. Post, Barry R. Schneider, ''The world's most threatening terrorist networks and criminal gangs,'' Macmillan, (2009) [p. 129 http://books.google.com/books?id=WMZdR8XPzQoC&pg=PA129]</ref>

Westerners, including French, German and Americans were target of Hezbollah's kidnapping.<ref>Christopher C. Harmon, Andrew N. Pratt, Sebastian Gorka, ''Toward a Grand Strategy Against Terrorism,'' McGraw Hill Professional, (2010), [http://books.google.com/books?id=fYp2NlDbrb0C&pg=PA46 p. 46]</ref><ref>Tom Diaz, Barbara Newman, ''Lightning Out of Lebanon: Hezbollah Terrorists on American Soil,'' Random House Digital, Inc. (2006), [http://books.google.com/books?id=KXa6qOt86OwC&pg=PA64 p. 64]</ref><ref>"Does Human Rights Law Apply to Terrorists?" Middle East Quarterly by T Lapkin, 2004 http://www.meforum.org/651/does-human-rights-law-apply-to-terrorists</ref><ref>Mark Perry, ''Talking to terrorists: why America must engage with its enemies,'' Basic Books (2010), [http://books.google.com/books?id=HDRG-EYhyZ0C&pg=PA140 p. 140]</ref><ref>http://www.michaeltotten.com/archives/2009/03/hezbollah-scout.php</ref> including hijacking US personell.<ref>Newsweek: Volume 109, 1987, [http://books.google.com/books?id=1eQmAQAAIAAJ&q=The+fanatics+in+Beirut+can+kidnap+them,+torture+them,+hang+them+publicly+and+dump+their+bodies+on+the+streets p. 117]</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C&pg=PA130</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=vHrQGZ8lUgIC&pg=PA73</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=HNyv0N8cVE0C&pg=PA85</ref><ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/162295/re-hezbollah-america/andy-mccarthy</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=m_ktBrZfuUYC&pg=PA118</ref><ref>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article708342.ece</ref><ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mf11.html</ref> An estimated kidnapping of 30 Westerners in that period are attributed to Hezbollah.<ref name="congress112">[http://books.google.com/books?id=W6gziQydtBwC&pg=RA2-PA112  Congressional Record - Page 112]</ref><ref>"Lebanon: Hezbollah's Kidnapping Plan," STRATFOR, Jan 22, 2008 http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/lebanon_hezbollahs_kidnapping_plan</ref><ref>Hizballah (“Party of God”) http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizbollah.html</ref><ref>Michael T. Kindt, Jerrold M. Post, Barry R. Schneider, ''The world's most threatening terrorist networks and criminal gangs,'' Macmillan, (2009) [http://books.google.com/books?id=WMZdR8XPzQoC&pg=PA129 p. 129]</ref>

Among the notorious victims were: William Francis Buckley, Terry Anderson,  William Richard Higgins.

Among the notorious victims were: William Francis Buckley, Terry Anderson,  William Richard Higgins.

In March, 1984, Hezbollah operatives kidnapped William Francis Buckley, the CIA's station chief in [[Lebanon]]. He was whisked to [[Damascus]] and on to [[Tehran]], where, after 15 months of torture, he succumbed to a heart attack.  

In March, 1984, Hezbollah operatives kidnapped William Francis Buckley, the CIA's station chief in [[Lebanon]]. He was whisked to [[Damascus]] and on to [[Tehran]], where, after 15 months of torture, he succumbed to a heart attack.  

<ref>''Willful Blindness: A Memoir of the Jihad'' by Andrew C. McCarthy, Encounter Books, 2008, p. 97

<ref>''Willful Blindness: A Memoir of the Jihad'' by Andrew C. McCarthy, Encounter Books, 2008, [http://books.google.com/books?&id=5dgoAQAAIAAJ&dq=buckley p. 97]</ref>

[http://books.google.com/books?&id=5dgoAQAAIAAJ&dq=buckley]</ref>

Feb. 17, 1988: The group kidnaps Col. William Higgins, a [[U.S.]] Marine serving with a [[United Nations]] truce monitoring group in Lebanon, and later murders him.

Feb. 17, 1988: The group kidnaps Col. William Higgins, a [[U.S.]] Marine serving with a [[United Nations]] truce monitoring group in Lebanon, and later murders him.

The [[United States]] asserts that top Hezbollah military commander who was one of America's most wanted men, accused of involvement in a string of bombings, hijackings and kidnappings during the 1980s and 1990s, [[Imad Mughniyeh]], was also behind the torture and murder of [[William Buckley]], the CIA station chief in Beirut, in 1984; the kidnapping, torture and murder of Lieutenant Colonel William Richard Higgins of the Marines, who was on peacekeeping duty in Lebanon in 1988; and, through the Islamic Jihad Organization, the seizure of Western hostages in Beirut during the 1980s.

The [[United States]] asserts that top Hezbollah military commander who was one of America's most wanted men, accused of involvement in a string of bombings, hijackings and kidnappings during the 1980s and 1990s, [[Imad Mughniyeh]], was also behind the torture and murder of [[William Buckley]], the CIA station chief in Beirut, in 1984; the kidnapping, torture and murder of Lieutenant Colonel William Richard Higgins of the Marines, who was on peacekeeping duty in Lebanon in 1988; and, through the Islamic Jihad Organization, the seizure of Western hostages in Beirut during the 1980s.

<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/world/africa/13iht-syria.4.10025106.html?pagewanted=all</ref>

<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/world/africa/13iht-syria.4.10025106.html?pagewanted=all</ref>

<ref>''Lightning out of Lebanon: Hezbollah terrorists on American soil'', Tom Diaz, Barbara Newman, p. 64 [http://books.google.com/books?cd=4&id=waboAAAAIAAJ&dq=torture ]</ref> <ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/jul/20/20060720-081459-2509r/</ref>

<ref>''Lightning out of Lebanon: Hezbollah terrorists on American soil'', Tom Diaz, Barbara Newman, [http://books.google.com/books?cd=4&id=waboAAAAIAAJ&dq=torture p. 64]</ref> <ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2006/jul/20/20060720-081459-2509r/</ref>

From a legal claim against [[Iran]]:<blockquote> In the instant case the evidence once again discloses that Iran provided Hezbollah with funding, direction and training for its terrorist activities in Lebanon, including the kidnapping and torture of Terry Anderson hezbollah kidnapping torture and his imprisonment as a hostage for 2,454 days.

From a legal claim against [[Iran]]:<blockquote> In the instant case the evidence once again discloses that Iran provided Hezbollah with funding, direction and training for its terrorist activities in Lebanon, including the kidnapping and torture of Terry Anderson hezbollah kidnapping torture and his imprisonment as a hostage for 2,454 days.