FOIA

In ''On the Jewish Question'' itself, writes Dennis K. Fischman, assistant professor of social science at Boston University, "Marx seems fairly to bristle with anti-Jewish sentiments."<ref>Dennis K. Fischman, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6iqVtOAr8jgC Political discourse in exile: Karl Marx and the Jewish question]'' (Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1991) ISBN 0870237462, p. 13</ref> The views Marx expressed in that essay "were part of the classic repertoire of anti-Semitism," according to Gertrude Himmelfarb, professor of history at the Graduate School of the City University of New York.<ref>Gertrude Himmelfarb, “[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/the--ldquo-real-rdquo--marx-6980 The 'Real' Marx],” ''Commentary'', April 1985</ref> It is “almost a classic anti-Semitic tract,” agrees Johnson.<ref>Paul Johnson, "[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/marxism-vs--the-jews-6827 Marxism vs. the Jews]," ''Commentary'', April 1984</ref> It is "without any question an anti-Semitic tract," admits even Kovel, former [http://www.joelkovel.com/joelkovel.html Alger Hiss Professor] of Social Studies at Bard College.<ref>Joel Kovel, “[http://www.springerlink.com/content/p2q3w7416w7h1516/ Marx on the Jewish Question],” ''Dialectical Anthropology'', Vol. 8, No. 1-2, (1983) pp.31-46</ref> Indeed, concurs Lewis, it has become “one of the classics of anti-Semitic propaganda.” <ref>Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 112</ref> This essay was "reprinted, widely quoted, and praised," adds Himmelfarb, "and became the exemplar of a classic genre of socialist anti-Semitism."<ref>[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/marx-14979 Reader Letters: Marx], ''Commentary'', August 1985</ref>

In ''On the Jewish Question'' itself, writes Dennis K. Fischman, assistant professor of social science at Boston University, "Marx seems fairly to bristle with anti-Jewish sentiments."<ref>Dennis K. Fischman, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6iqVtOAr8jgC Political discourse in exile: Karl Marx and the Jewish question]'' (Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1991) ISBN 0870237462, p. 13</ref> The views Marx expressed in that essay "were part of the classic repertoire of anti-Semitism," according to Gertrude Himmelfarb, professor of history at the Graduate School of the City University of New York.<ref>Gertrude Himmelfarb, “[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/the--ldquo-real-rdquo--marx-6980 The 'Real' Marx],” ''Commentary'', April 1985</ref> It is “almost a classic anti-Semitic tract,” agrees Johnson.<ref>Paul Johnson, "[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/marxism-vs--the-jews-6827 Marxism vs. the Jews]," ''Commentary'', April 1984</ref> It is "without any question an anti-Semitic tract," admits even Kovel, former [http://www.joelkovel.com/joelkovel.html Alger Hiss Professor] of Social Studies at Bard College.<ref>Joel Kovel, “[http://www.springerlink.com/content/p2q3w7416w7h1516/ Marx on the Jewish Question],” ''Dialectical Anthropology'', Vol. 8, No. 1-2, (1983) pp.31-46</ref> Indeed, concurs Lewis, it has become “one of the classics of anti-Semitic propaganda.” <ref>Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 112</ref> This essay was "reprinted, widely quoted, and praised," adds Himmelfarb, "and became the exemplar of a classic genre of socialist anti-Semitism."<ref>[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/marx-14979 Reader Letters: Marx], ''Commentary'', August 1985</ref>

"Much of the essay seems simply to borrow from standard anti-Semitic fare," writes Lindemann.<ref>Albert S. Lindemann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NagdhSUgB9oC Esau's tears: modern anti-semitism and the rise of the Jews]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2000) ISBN 0521795389, p. 163</ref> Coleman identifies this work as "perhaps, the most condensed identification of Jews with self-interest."<ref>William Coleman, "[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/history_of_political_economy/v035/35.4coleman.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'', Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), pp. 759-777</ref> Marx exploits the stereotype of Jews “linked in the popular imagination with usury, sharp dealing, and ruthless cunning,” writes Stephen J. Greenblatt of Harvard.<ref>Stephen J. Greenblatt, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=LIFaAAAAMAAJ Learning to curse: essays in early modern culture]'' (Routledge, 1990) ISBN 0415901731, p. 41</ref> He uses the “widespread antisemitic caricature of Jews as inveterate moneylenders and hucksters along with the use of the term ''Judentum'' [Jewishness, Judaism] as a metaphor for commerce,” writes Larry Ray, Professor of Sociology at the University of Kent.<ref>Larry Ray, “[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/journal/index.php?journal_id=12&article_id=49 Marx and the Radical Critique of Difference],” ''Engage'', Issue 3 (September 2006)</ref> Not only are Judaism and capitalism "described as basically the same," according to Lindeman,<ref>Albert S. Lindemann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NagdhSUgB9oC Esau's tears: modern anti-semitism and the rise of the Jews]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2000) ISBN 0521795389, p. 163</ref> but in Marx's view, Jews are "responsible for capitalism," writes Lewis.<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 112</ref> Marx considered Jews "the very soul of the corrupt capitalism he fought," wrote Flannery.<ref>Edward H. Flannery, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=J40gNC7cxfYC The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-three Centuries of Antisemitism]'' (Paulist Press, 2004) ISBN 0809143240, p. 168</ref> The essay, writes Johnson, is “based upon a fantasied Jewish archetype and a conspiracy to corrupt the world.”<ref>Paul Johnson, "[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/marxism-vs--the-jews-6827 Marxism vs. the Jews]," ''Commentary'', April 1984</ref>

"Much of the essay seems simply to borrow from standard anti-Semitic fare," writes Lindemann.<ref>Albert S. Lindemann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NagdhSUgB9oC Esau's tears: modern anti-semitism and the rise of the Jews]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2000) ISBN 0521795389, p. 163</ref> Coleman identifies this work as "perhaps, the most condensed identification of Jews with self-interest."<ref>William Coleman, "[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/history_of_political_economy/v035/35.4coleman.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'', Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), pp. 759-777</ref> Marx exploits the stereotype of Jews “linked in the popular imagination with usury, sharp dealing, and ruthless cunning,” writes Stephen J. Greenblatt of Harvard.<ref>Stephen J. Greenblatt, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=LIFaAAAAMAAJ Learning to curse: essays in early modern culture]'' (Routledge, 1990) ISBN 0415901731, p. 41</ref> He uses the “widespread antisemitic caricature of Jews as inveterate moneylenders and hucksters along with the use of the term ''Judentum'' [Judaism] as a metaphor for commerce,” writes Larry Ray, Professor of Sociology at the University of Kent.<ref>Larry Ray, “[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/journal/index.php?journal_id=12&article_id=49 Marx and the Radical Critique of Difference],” ''Engage'', Issue 3 (September 2006)</ref> Not only are Judaism and capitalism "described as basically the same," according to Lindeman,<ref>Albert S. Lindemann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NagdhSUgB9oC Esau's tears: modern anti-semitism and the rise of the Jews]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2000) ISBN 0521795389, p. 163</ref> but in Marx's view, Jews are "responsible for capitalism," writes Lewis.<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 112</ref> Marx considered Jews "the very soul of the corrupt capitalism he fought," wrote Flannery.<ref>Edward H. Flannery, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=J40gNC7cxfYC The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-three Centuries of Antisemitism]'' (Paulist Press, 2004) ISBN 0809143240, p. 168</ref> The essay, writes Johnson, is “based upon a fantasied Jewish archetype and a conspiracy to corrupt the world.”<ref>Paul Johnson, "[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/marxism-vs--the-jews-6827 Marxism vs. the Jews]," ''Commentary'', April 1984</ref>

Marx expresses “a sharp, even hysterical, denial of his religious background,” writes Greenblatt, as well as “extreme [rhetorical] violence” and “utter separation of himself from the people he excoriates....”

Marx expresses “a sharp, even hysterical, denial of his religious background,” writes Greenblatt, as well as “extreme [rhetorical] violence” and “utter separation of himself from the people he excoriates....”