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Reverted edits by Drviolin (talk) to last revision by MBBurke
[[Image:Violinrange.PNG|thumb|right|Violin standard tuning]]
[[Image:Violinrange.PNG|thumb|right|Violin standard tuning]]
The '''violin''' is a [[String Instruments|stringed instrument]] with four strings tuned in perfect fifths, usually played with a bow.
The '''violin''' is the smallest and highest pitched [[String Instruments|stringed instrument]] used in [[western orchestra|western orchestras]]. It has four strings, pitched G-D-A-E (from lowest to highest), which is an arrangement of the Circle of Fifths. The 'A' is pitched to Concert A at 440 Hz. Typically, a bow (''arco'') is drawn across the strings to produce a sound on the instrument, and a wide variety of bowing techniques can provide unique sounds, such as the bouncing ''spiccato'' or the broad ''legato''. The strings may also be plucked, similar to a [[mandolin]] or [[guitar]] (''pizzicato''), but only by the flesh of the finger (not with the aid of a plectrum).
An orchestra will typically contain two violin sections - a First and Second. Today the First Violins are usually situated at the front of the orchestra, immediately to the [[conductor]]'s left. The Second Violin section will be located adjacent to the Firsts. While there is no specific purpose for each section, the First Violin section will generally be given the [[melody]] in a musical work, and will generally play in a higher [[octave]] than the Seconds. The Seconds will either double the melody in a lower register, [[harmony|harmonize]] the melody, or contribute an effect to layer the orchestral sound.
==History==
==History==
Spiccato is a bowing technique where the bow is bounced lightly on the string. The bow is held above the string, and the resulting bouncing produces short, distinct notes. Spiccato is often used in fast passages so individual notes can be heard distinctly.
Spiccato is a bowing technique where the bow is bounced lightly on the string. The bow is held above the string, and the resulting bouncing produces short, distinct notes. Spiccato is often used in fast passages so individual notes can be heard distinctly.
==Notable works for violin==
* [[Bach]] - Concerto in A minor, BWV 1041; Concerto in E major, BWV 1042; Concerto in D minor (2 violins), BWV 1043; 6 Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin
* [[Barber]] - Concerto, op. 14
* [[Bartok]] - Concerto No. 1; Concerto No. 2
* [[Beethoven]] - Violin Concerto in D, Op. 61; Romances for violin and orchestra; 10 sonatas for violin and piano
* [[Brahms]] - Violin Concerto in D, Op. 77; 3 sonatas for violin and piano
* [[Bruch]] - Concerto No. 1; Concerto No. 2; Concerto No. 3
* [[Mendelssohn]] - Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64
* [[Mozart]] - Violin Concertos 1-5; 14 sonatas for violin and piano
* [[Prokofiev]] - Concerto No. 1; Concerto No. 2; 2 sonatas for violin and piano
* [[Stravinsky]] - Violin Concerto in D
* [[Tchaikovsky]] - Violin Concerto in D, Op. 35
==See also==
==See also==