Euroskepticism
Euroskepticism refers to the political philosophy opposed to the European Union and its increasingly centralized, federalist, and socialist powers. Most Eurosceptics are conservative, libertarian, and populist, although some people on the left also held to their own version of Euroskepticism. Adherents of Euroskepticism are known as Euroskeptics.
History
Euroskepticism has its roots in the political and economic unification and integration of the European Union.[1]
One could see Euroskepticism in action in the 1990s, when the Maastricht Treaty was being adopted by EU nations.[1] Denmark rejected the treaty, and France barely approved it.[1] Additionally, Switzerland rejected joining the European Economic Area in 1992,[2][3] and Norway rejected a referendum to join the EU.[1] Many Euroskeptic parties grew during this period.[1]
A new wave of Euroskepticism[4] resulted from the Eurozone Crisis, which began in 2009, and the European migrant crisis, which began a few years later. Euroskeptic parties performed strongly in the 2014 European parliament elections,[5][6][7][8] with Euroskeptic parties in the United Kingdom,[9] France,[10] and Denmark[11] gaining the most seats in their respective countries.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Michael Ray. Euroskepticism. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ↑ Miserez, Marc-Andre (December 2, 2012). Switzerland poised to keep EU at arm's length. Swissinfo. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- ↑ Switzerland and the European Union (PDF) (2nd ed.). Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- ↑ Mutliple references:
- Murray, Douglas (October 3, 2015). Euroscepticism is growing all over Europe. The Spectator. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- Wright, Oliver (June 7, 2016). Euroscepticism on the rise across Europe as analysis finds increasing opposition to the EU in France, Germany and Spain. The Independent. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- Foster, Peter (June 7, 2016). It's not just the Brits: Euroscepticism on the rise all across Europe, major survey shows. The Telegraph. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- Boffey, Daniel (March 3, 2017). Rising Euroscepticism 'poses existential threat to EU'. The Guardian. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ↑ After Euroskeptic rise muddles European Union's future, EU leaders must find a way out. Fox News. May 26, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ↑ Eurosceptic 'earthquake' rocks EU elections. BBC. May 26, 2014.
- ↑ How Eurosceptic is the new European Parliament?. BBC. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ↑ Synon, M.E. (July 26, 2014). On the Continent: Germany, France and the earthquake. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ↑ UK European election results. BBC. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
- ↑ McPartland, Ben (May 25, 2014). European Elections 2014: National Front tops vote. The Local. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- ↑ Alexander, Harriet (May 26, 2014). EU election 2014: Danish eurosceptic People's Party wins - and calls for alliance with Cameron. The Telegraph. Retrieved July 10, 2017.