Inter-Services Intelligence
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Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is the largest intelligence agency in Pakistan. The headquarters of ISI is situated in Islamabad. It was founded in 1948.[1] ISI has an estimated 10,000 officers and staffs.[1]
History
The Inter-Services Intelligence was founded in 1948 by Robert Cawthorne who was a British Army officer. [2] It was later expanded by Pakistani Military dictator Ayub Khan in the 1950's.
Organization
- Joint Intelligence X-serves as a secretariat which coordinates and provides administrative support to the other branches of the ISI. It prepares intelligence estimates and threat assessments.
- Joint Intelligence Bureau-is responsible for political intelligence. It consists of 3 subsections, one of which is dedicated to operations against India.
- Joint Counter-Intelligence Bureau- is responsible for surveillance of Pakistani diplomats working abroad. It also conducts operations in the Middle East, South Asia, China, Afghanistan and the Central Asian republics.
- Joint Intelligence/North-responsible for conducting infiltration, exfiltration, propaganda and other clandestine operations inside the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
- Joint Intelligence Miscellaneous-conducts espionage in foreign countries, which includes offensive intelligence operations.
- Joint Signal Intelligence Bureau-operates a chain of signals intelligence collection stations along the border with India. Additionally, it provides communication support to Islamic terrorists operating in India.