Pompey lived from 106 to 48 BC. A competent if not entirely honest politician, he was also a journeyman military commander under the old Republic. Both Syria and Palestine were added to the Roman sphere of influence by armies he led. At first allying with Julius Caesar, he and Crassus along with Caesar formed the first triumvirate basically controlling power in Rome with the will of the senate. Pompey even had a marriage bond with Caesar, marrying his daughter.
But times changed. Caesar's daughter died in childbirth while Crassus was killed trying to fight the Parthians and Caesar won victory after victory in Gaul. Concerned and jealous of Caesar, Pompey plotted against him and had the senate pass rules that would cause Caesar a great distress when his campaign in Gaul was completed. Caesar couldn't allow this and when he was done securing Gaul for Rome, turned to march into Italy. The senate considered Caesar a traitor and Pompey raised a large army. Unfortunately for him, he had the misfortune to be facing one of the greatest military geniuses ever. In a series of battles Pompey was defeated and fled to Egypt followed by Caesar. Trying to get on Caesar's good side, the Egyptians killed Pompey before Caesar arrived.