Mutation
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In biology mutation is any physical change in the genetic material of an organism.
Mutations can be caused by internal or external factors. Common external factors include ultraviolet radiation, chemical mutagens, or parasitic organisms (such as viruses or bacteria). Most internal causes of mutations stem from errors in reproduction of genetic material. Most of these errors are corrected by error-correcting ribosomes.
References
Biology (7th Edition). Neil A. Campbell,Jane B. Reece. http://www.amazon.com/Biology-7th-Neil-Campbell/dp/080537146X.