Quartz
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Quartz is the most common mineral found on earth. More accurately, Silicon Dioxide, quartz has a chemical composition of SiO2 arranged in a repeating latice forming crystals. If the quartz is pure it would be clear, but the colored variations are created because of impurities in the crystal.
Quartz is used in a number of applications such as glass making, optical lenses, abrasives, in electrical components or decorative gemstones or other stone.