Philosopher king
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The philosopher king was a concept developed by Aristotle in ancient Greece. His idea was that the ruler of a nation should also be a great philosopher; this is similar to the 20th-century concept of the benevolent dictator. For example, President George W. Bush, being both a Yale graduate and a benevolent monarch, could be considered a philosopher king.
The "philosopher king" was also a theme of the book Utopia, by Sir Thomas Moore, in which the benevolent philosopher class ruled everybody equally.