Alexander v. Sandoval
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In Alexander v. Sandoval, 532 U.S. 275 (2000), the U.S. Supreme Court held that private individuals may not sue to enforce disparate-impact regulations promulgated under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Specifically, a lawsuit could not be maintained under that law to force a state to provide a drivers' license test in a foreign language.
Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the 5-4 decision for the sharply divided court. The liberal Justices dissented.