Charles II
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Charles II was the King of England and Scotland from 1649 to 1685. He was the oldest son of Charles I. He was born on May 29, 1630. He instituted the Restoration of the monarchy in 1659 after the demise of Oliver Cromwell and established the rights of prisoners not to be held unless there was a good reason (the Habeas Corpus Act) in 1679. The first political parties, the Whigs and the Tories, were formed during Charles' reign.