Contraception
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Statistics on various methods under construction.
Contraception (Lat. against conception) generally refers to methods of preventing pregnancy (birth control). There are many different methods, each having its own level of effectiveness and safety. The safest and most effective form of birth control is abstinence. The argument could be made that this is not actually "birth control" as there was never a risk for a pregnancy, but in common parlance, abstinence is the first line of protection. Except for condoms, most methods offer little protection against sexually transmitted diseases.[1]
Barrier Methods
- Male condom: latex condoms are the most effective method of preventing STDs. 85% effective against pregnancy, increased to 95% if used with intravaginal spermicide.
- Female Condom
- Sponge: 85% effectiveness
- Cervical cap: about 85% effectiveness
- Diaphragm: about 84% effectiveness
- Shield: 85% effectiveness
Hormonal Methods
- Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs): 92-99% effective when used as directed
- Depoprogesterone
- Vaginal ring
- "Rhythm method" (also sometimes referred to as a method of "timed abstinence")
- Patch: 99.7% effective
Other
- Intrauterine device (medicated and unmedicated)
- Withdrawal
- Spermicide: about 70% effectiveness when used alone
- Sterilization
- nonvaginal intercourse(oral and anal intercourse)