Absolute Monarchy
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Rule by one person — a monarch, usually a king or a queen — whose actions are restricted neither by written law nor by custom; a system different from a constitutional monarchy and from a republic. Absolute monarchy persisted in France until 1789 and in Russia until 1917.
Louis XIV of France showed that he was an absolute monarchy when he stated, "I am the state." ("L'Etat, c'est moi")