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<!--Note to Editors[[Image: This article has a long and intense history of terminology debatesBaby. Please review jpg|right|thumb|250px|A human fetus in the talk page before making changes to lines to see if there womb]]'''Abortion''' is the induced termination of a previous established consensus or compromise[[pregnancy]],<ref>American Heritage Dictionary definition, [http://www. Thank youbartleby.--com/61/7/A0020700.html abortion]</ref>{{Infobox_Diseaseoften causing [[fetal pain]]. | Name = Induced abortion | Image = AngkorWatAbortionAD1150Abortion is a billion-dollar industry<ref>http://archives.JPG| Caption cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/03/09/fetal.tissue/index.html</ref><ref>http://www.healthy.net/scr/news.asp?Id= [[Bas8247</ref><ref>For example, Dr. George Tiller "estimated that he performed 250 to 300 late-reliefterm abortions in 2003, each costing an average of $6,000."[http://apnews.myway.com/article/20090327/D976JVSG4.html]] at </ref> in the [[Angkor WatUnited States]]<ref>Over 52, 000,000 babies have been aborted in the United States since 1973.[http://www.christianliferesources.com/?/library/view.php&articleid=1042]</ref> and Western Europe except for [Cambodia[Ireland]], c. 1150, depicting a [[demonMalta]] inducing an abortion by pounding the abdomen of a pregnant woman with a and [[pestlePoland]], where it has been abolished.<ref>{{cite book |author=Potts M ''et alhttp://www.'' |titlecwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=Thousand-year-old depictions of massage 50451</ref><ref>On April 10, 2007, Portugal legalized abortion |journal=Journal up until the 10th week of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care |volume=33 |pages=234 |year=2007 |quote=at Angkorpregnancy, with some conditions placed on the operator is obtaining of consent for the abortion.</ref><ref>God warns in His word that a demonnation that sheds innocent blood will not prosper.}} Also see {{cite book |author=Mould R |title=Mould's Medical Anecdotes |pages=406 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |year=1996}}(Deuteronomy 19:11-13)</ref> | ICD10 = {{ICD10|O|04||o|00}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|779[[Abortion in Poland]] declined by 99% after [[communism]] was overthrown, and women's health has dramatically improved there due to fewer abortions.6}} | DiseasesDB = 4153 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 002912 | eMedicineSubj = article | eMedicineTopic = 252560 | MeshID = }}

'''AbortionAbout 80% of women who see an ultrasound of their fetus (unborn child) decide not to abort''' is the termination .<ref>http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/145703/abortion_foes_use_ultrasound__focus_on_the_family_budgets/</ref> Millions of a [[pregnancy (mammals)|pregnancy]] by the removal women who had an abortion later suffer psychologically or expulsion physically from the [[uterus]] of a [[fetus]] or [[embryo]]it, resulting in or caused by its deathand support groups exist to help.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://bookswww.googlepost-gazette.com/?id=KiRHpRl7TjsC&pg=PA173 |title=Gynaecology for Lawyers |author=Dutt T, Matthews MP |volume=14 |series-title=Medico-legal practitioner series |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=9781859412152}}regionstate/20020120abortion0120p3.asp</ref> An Many victims of abortion can occur spontaneously due to [[complication (medicine)|complications]] during pregnancy or can be inducedfind healing by speaking out against, in humans and other species. In the context of human pregnanciesdiscouraging, an abortion induced similar harm to preserve the health of the [[gravidity|gravida]] (pregnant female) is termed a ''therapeutic abortion'', while an abortion induced for any other reason is termed an ''elective abortion''mothers and their children. The term '<ref>"I've noticed that everyone who is for abortion'' most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a [[pregnancy|human pregnancy]]has already been born, while spontaneous abortions are usually termed " observed [[miscarriageRonald Reagan]]s. <!--Annotation: This paragraph serves to disambiguate abortion terminology and and types--/ref>

Worldwide 42 million "Abortion doesn't solve your problems, it only creates different ones," warned a full-page ad by many women who had abortions are estimated to take place annually with 22 million of these occurring safely and 20 million unsafely.<ref name=OBGY09>{{cite journal |author=Shah I, Ahman E |title=Unsafe abortionhttp: global and regional incidence, trends, consequences, and challenges |journal=[[J Obstet Gynaecol Can]] |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=1149–58 |year=2009 |month=December |pmid=20085681 |doi= |url=}}//www.silentnomoreawareness.org/signaturead/ad.pdf</ref> '''Many women begin regretting their abortion before they even leave the abortion clinic'''. While [[maternal death|maternal mortality]] seldom results from safe abortionsIn some cases, unsafe abortions result in 70women begin regretting their abortion just before it is performed,000 deaths and 5 million disabilities per year.<ref name=OBGY09/> One of In one case where a woman changed her mind from inside the main determinants of abortion clinic, she "called her friend from inside the availability of safe abortions is the legality of the procedure. Forty percent of the worldabortion clinic and arranged for her to come 'rescue's women are able to access therapeutic and elective abortions within gestational limitsher.<ref name=IJGO10>{{cite journal |author=Culwell KR, Vekemans M, de Silva U, Hurwitz M|title=Critical gaps in universal access to reproductive health" [http: Contraception and prevention of unsafe abortion |journal=[[International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics]] |volume=110 |pages=S13–16 |year=2010 |month=July |pmid=20451196 |doi=10.1016/j/www.ijgo40daysforlife.2010com/southfield/index.04.003 }}cfm?load=page&page=30]</ref> The frequency of abortions but are told by abortionists that it is, however, similar whether or not access too late to change their mind because they already signed a consent form (which is restricted.<ref name=IJGO10/><!a lie --Annotation: This paragraph discusses epidemiology and health risk related it is never too late to the procedurewithdraw consent for an abortion).-->

Abortion has a long [[history of abortion|history]] and has been induced by various methods including herbal [[abortifacient]]s, the use of sharpened tools, [[physical trauma]], and other [[traditional medicine|traditional methods]]. Contemporary medicine utilizes medications and surgical procedures to induce abortion. The [[abortion law|legality]], prevalence, and cultural views on abortion vary substantially around the world. In many parts of the world there is prominent and divisive [[Abortion debate|public controversy]] over the [[ethical aspects of abortion|ethical]] and legal issues of abortion. Abortion and abortion-related issues feature prominently in the national politics in many nations, often involving the opposing [[pro-life]] and [[pro-choice]] worldwide social movements ([[Pro-choice#Term_controversy|both self-named]]). Incidence of abortion has declined worldwide, as access to [[family planning]] education and contraceptive services has increased.<ref name="worldtrends">{{cite journal |author=Sedgh G, Henshaw SK, Singh S, Bankole A, Drescher J |title=Legal Health risks from abortion worldwide: incidence and recent trends |journal=Int Fam Plan Perspect |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=106–16 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17938093 |doi=10.1363/ifpp.33.106.07 |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3310607.html }}</ref> <!--Annotation: This paragraph covers related issues and current events.-->

==Types==[[File:Human fetus 10 weeks - therapeutic abortion.jpg|thumb|A 10-week-old fetus removed from a 44-year-old female diagnosed with early-stage [[uterine cancer]] via a therapeutic abortion. The uterus (womb), included Abortion always ends the fetus.]]===Spontaneous==={{Main|Miscarriage}}Spontaneous abortion (also known as miscarriage) is life of the expulsion of an embryo unborn child, typically by stopping his or fetus due to accidental trauma or natural causes before approximately her beating heart. Abortion increases the 22nd [[gestational age|week risk of gestation]]; breast cancer, future premature birth, and other long-term health problems for the definition by gestational age varies by countrymother, as detailed below. Sometimes women die from abortion.<ref name=>See "Documented Incidents of 365 Women Who Have Been Killed by "WHOmiscarriageSafe">{{cite web |url=and Legal Abortion." [http://wwwabortionviolence.who.intcom/reproductive-health/impac/Symptoms/Vaginal_bleeding_early_S7_S16DEATHS.html |title=Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth – A guide for midwives and doctors |last=Department of Reproductive Health and Research |publisher=World Health Organization |year=2003 |accessdate=2009-04-07}} NB: This definition is subject to regional differences, see [[Miscarriage#Terminology|miscarriageHTM 365 women who have been killed by 'Legal' abortion]].</ref> Most miscarriages are due to incorrect replication of chromosomes; they can also be caused by environmental factors. A pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a [[live birth|live-born]] infant is known as a "[[premature birth]]". When a fetus dies [[in utero]] after about 22 weeks, or during [[childbirth|delivery]], it is usually termed "[[stillbirth|stillborn]]". Premature births and stillbirths are generally not considered to be miscarriages although usage of these terms can sometimes overlap.

Between 10% === Abortion and 50% Breast Cancer ===The vast majority of pregnancies end scientific studies have shown that abortion causes an increase in clinically apparent miscarriagebreast cancer, depending upon the age and health including 16 out of 17 statistically significant studies.<ref>http://www.jpands.org/vol8no2/malec.pdf</ref> "A new study coming from researchers in [[Sri Lanka]] finds women who had abortions ... [had a] 3.42 [increased risk] ... compared with those who kept their baby. ... The Sri Lankan study is the fourth epidemiological study in fourteen months to report an abortion-breast cancer link, including studies from the pregnant womanU.S., China and Turkey."<ref name=BBCmiscarriage>{{cite news |url=http://newswww.bbclifenews.cocom/nat6451.ukhtml</2ref> LifeNews also reported in 2010 that a [[National Cancer Institute]] researcher admitted there was a link between abortion and breast cancer.<ref>http:/hi/healthwww.lifenews.com/2176898nat5850.stm |title=Q&html</ref> Studies showing that abortion increases breast cancer predate the political controversy.<ref>http://www.bcpinstitute.org/brochure.htm</ref> Astudy at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center published in 2009 confirmed a 40% increase in risk in breast cancer from abortion.<ref>http: Miscarriage |date=2002//www.chicagonow.com/blogs/dennis-08byrne-06 |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2009barbershop/2010/01/breast-04cancer-07}}oral-contraceptives-abortion-and-lies.html</ref> Most miscarriages occur very early in pregnancy<ref>It is undisputed that childbirth protects against breast cancer, in most cases, they occur so and thus early in the termination of pregnancy that must increase the woman is not even aware that she was pregnant. One study testing hormones risk of cancer for ovulation and pregnancy found the mother compared to carrying that 61.9% of conceptuses were lost prior same pregnancy to 12 weeks, and 91birth.7% of these losses occurred subclinically</ref> Yet the abortion industry conceals this increased risk, without just as the knowledge of the once pregnant womantobacco industry concealed its cancer risk for decades.<ref name="pmid7117572">{{cite journal |author=Edmonds DK, Lindsay KS, Miller JF, Williamson E, Wood PJ |title=Early embryonic mortality in women |journal=Fertilhttp://www. Sterilmindfully. org/Industry/Tobacco-ChronologyJul98.htm</ref>[[Image:Abortion Hurts Women.jpg|volume=38 thumb|issue=4 250px|pages=447–453 right|year=1982 |pmid=7117572 |doi=}}Walk for Life rally]]A new study on breast cancer in Turkey published in April 2009 in the peer-reviewed World Journal of Surgical Oncology found, through a surveying process, that induced abortion was a statistically significant cause of breast cancer risk. The study concludes, “Our findings suggest that age and induced abortion were found to be significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk….”<ref>http://wjso.com/content/7/1/37</ref>

The Specifically, the study found that Turkish women who received one or more induced abortions had a 66% higher risk of spontaneous breast cancer than women who never had an abortion decreases sharply after the 10th week from the [[gestational age|last menstrual period]] (LMP).<ref name=BBCmiscarriage /><ref>{{cite book |first=Lennart |last=Nilsson |authorlink=Lennart Nilsson |coauthors=Lars Hamberger | page=91 |title=[[A Child Is Born (book)|A child is born]] |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |location=[[Garden City, New York]] |year=1990 |pages= |isbn=0-385-40085-3 |oclc=21412111 |origyear=1965}}<http:/ref> One study of 232 pregnant women showed "virtually complete <nowiki>[pregnancy loss]</nowiki> by the end of the embryonic period" (10 weeks LMP) with a pregnancy loss rate of only 2 percent after 8www.5 weeks LMPlifesitenews.com/ldn/2009/jul/09072903.html</ref> <ref name="fetal med 836">{{cite book |chapter=Early pregnancy loss |editor=Martin J. Whittle and C. H. Rodeck |title=Fetal medicine: basic science and clinical practice |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |location=Edinburgh |year=1999 |url=http://bookswww.googleabortionbreastcancer.com/?id=0BY0hx2l5uoC |isbn=0-443-05357-X |oclc=42792567 |page=836 |author8=Jauniaux E, Kaminopetros P, El-Rafaey H }}press_releases/090728/index.htm</ref>

The most common cause Dr. Janet Daling, who considers herself supportive of spontaneous a right to perform abortions, brought the abortion during -breast cancer link into the first trimester is chromosomal abnormalities of mainstream with her federally funded research on the embryo/fetustopic. Her report, released in 1994,found a 50% increase in breast cancer risk due to induced abortion.<ref name="mednet">{{cite web |url=http://wwwJanet R.medicinenetDaling et al.com/miscarriage/page1.htm |title=Miscarriage (Spontaneous , "Risk of Breast Cancer Among Young Women: Relationship to Induced Abortion," 86 Journal of the National Cancer Institute; (1994) |accessdate=2009-04-07 |last=Stöppler |author=Conrad M |editor=Shiel WC Jr |work=MedicineNet.com }};1584</ref> accounting for at least 50% of sampled early pregnancy losses.<ref name="fetal med 837">{{cite book |author=Jauniaux E, Kaminopetros P, El-Rafaey H |chapter=Early pregnancy loss |editor=Whittle MJ,Rodeck CH |title=Fetal medicine: basic science and clinical practice |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |location=Edinburgh |year=1999 |url=http://bookswww.googleabortionbreastcancer.com/?id=0BY0hx2l5uoC |isbn=0-443-05357-X |oclc=42792567 |page=837 }}032801.htm</ref> Other causes include [[vascular disease]] (such as [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|lupus]]) She said, [[diabetes]]"I have three sisters with breast cancer and I resent people messing with the scientific data to further their own agenda, other hormonal problems, infectionbe they pro-choice or pro-life. I would have loved to have found no association between breast cancer and abortion, but our research is rock solid and abnormalities of the uterusour data is accurate."<ref name="mednet" >L.A. Daily News, Sept. 1997.</ref> Advancing maternal age and a patient history of previous spontaneous Similarly, an early study published in Japan in 1957 showed that women who have abortions are the two leading factors associated with have a greater much higher risk of spontaneous abortion.<ref name="fetal med 837" /> A spontaneous abortion can also be caused by accidental [[Physical trauma|trauma]]; intentional trauma or stress breast cancer than those who decide to cause miscarriage is considered induced abortion or [[feticide]]keep their baby.<ref name="Fetal Homicide Laws">{{cite web |url=http://wwwSegi M, et al.ncslAn epidemiological study on cancer in Japan.org/programs/health/fethomGANN.htm |title=Fetal Homicide Laws |accessdate=20091957; 48:1-04-07 |publisher=[[National Conference of State Legislatures]]}}63.</ref>

===Induced===A pregnancy can be intentionally aborted in many ways. The manner selected depends chiefly upon the [[gestational age]] of the embryo or fetus, which increases in size as it agesImage:Hitler.<ref>Menikoffjpg‎|thumb|275px|right|In 1942, Jerry. [http://books.google.com/books?id=2jXOYv3X8zsC&pg=PA78&dq=size+fetus+abortion+technique&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=MymmSayEFJaQyATt6JiUDg Law and Bioethics[Adolf Hitler]], p. 78 (Georgetown University Press 2001)declared: "As In view of the fetus grows in size, however, large families of the vacuum aspiration method becomes increasingly difficult to use."</ref> Specific procedures may also be selected due to legality, regional availability[[Slavic|Slav]] native population, it could only suit us if girls and doctor-patient preference. Reasons for procuring induced women there had as many abortions are typically characterized as either therapeutic or electivepossible. An abortion is medically referred to as ''therapeutic'' when it is performed to:*save the life of the pregnant woman;"<ref name="roche1">Roche, Natalie E. (2004). [http://www.emedicinelifesitenews.com/medldn/topic3311.htm Therapeutic Abortion]. Retrieved 2006-03-082007/sep/07090708.html</ref>*preserve the woman's physical or mental health;<ref name="roche1"/>*terminate pregnancy that would result in a child born with a After [[congenital disorder]] that would be fatal or associated with significant [[morbidity]];<ref name="roche1"/> or*[[selective reduction|selectively reduceWorld War II]] , the number of fetuses to lessen health risks associated with War Crimes Tribunal indicted ten [[multiple birth|multiple pregnancyNazi]].<ref name=leaders for "roche1encouraging and compelling abortion,"/>An abortion is referred to as ''elective'' when it is performed at which the request of the woman tribunal considered a "for reasons other than maternal health or fetal diseasecrime against humanity."<ref>''Encyclopedia Britannica'', (2007), Vol 26, phttp://www. 674abortionfacts.com/online_books/love_them_both/why_cant_we_love_them_both_25.asp#But%20didn%E2%80%99t%20Hitler%20oppose%20abortion?</ref>]]

==Methods==[[ImageIn a peer-reviewed medical journal, Karen Malec observed that:Abortionmethods<ref>http://www.jpands.png|thumb|350px|right|[[Gestational age]] may determine which abortion methods are practicedorg/vol8no2/malec.]]===Medical==={{Main|Medical abortion}}pdf</ref>

"Medical abortions" are non:Thirty-surgical abortions that use pharmaceutical drugs, eight epidemiological studies exploring an independent link [between abortion and are only effective in the first trimester of pregnancy. {{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} Medical abortions comprise 10% of all abortions in the United States<ref>{{cite journal |author=Strauss LT, Gamble SB, Parker WY, Cook DA, Zane SB, Hamdan S |title=Abortion surveillance—United States, 2004 |journal=MMWR Surveill Summ |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=1–33 |year=2007 |month=November |pmid=18030283 |doi= |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5609a1.htm}}</ref> and Europe.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} Combined regimens include [[methotrexate]] or [[mifepristone]], followed by a [[prostaglandin]] (either [[misoprostol]] or [[gemeprost]]: misoprostol is used in the Ubreast cancer have been published.S Twenty-nine report risk elevations.; gemeprost is used in the UK and Sweden.) When used within 49 days gestation, approximately 92% Thirteen out of women undergoing medical abortion with a combined regimen completed it without surgical intervention15 American studies found risk elevations.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Spitz Seventeen studies are statistically significant, I.M|title=Early pregnancy termination with mifepristone and misoprostol in the United States|journal=New England Journal 16 of Medicine|year=1998|volume=338|issue=18|pmid=9562577|doi=10.1056/NEJM199804303381801|page=1241|last2=Bardin|first2=CW|last3=Benton|first3=L|last4=Robbins|first4=A}}</ref> Misoprostol can be used alone, but has a lower efficacy rate than combined regimens. In cases of failure of medical abortion, vacuum or manual aspiration is used to complete the abortion surgicallywhich report increased risk.

===Surgical===[[File:Vacuum-aspiration (single)Dr. Angela Lanfranchi, M.D., F.svg|thumb|A vacuum aspiration abortion at eight weeks gestational age (six weeks after fertilization).<br />'''1:''' Amniotic sac<br />'''2:''' Embryo<br />'''3:''' Uterine lining<br />'''4:''' Speculum<br />'''5:''' Vacurette<br />'''6:''' Attached to C.S., a specialist in breast cancer an a suction pump]]In clinical assistant professor of surgery at the first 12 weeksRobert Wood Johnson Medical School, [[suction-aspiration has explained the physiology and epidemiology of the abortion|suction-aspiration]] or vacuum abortion is breast cancer link. She made the most common method.following observation:<ref>{{cite web |author=Healthwise |url=http://wwwAngela Lanfranchi, M.webmdD.com/hw/womens_conditions/tw1078, F.A.asp#tw1112 |title=Manual C.S, "The breast physiology and vacuum aspiration for abortion |year=2004 |publisher=[[WebMD]] |accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ''Manual [[Vacuum aspiration]]'' (MVA) abortion consists the epidemiology of removing the [[fetus]] or [[embryo]], [[placenta]] and membranes by suction using a manual syringe, while ''electric [[vacuum aspiration]]'' (EVA) abortion uses an electric pump. These techniques are comparablebreast cancer link, and differ in the mechanism used to apply suction" 12 Imago Hominis, how early in pregnancy they can be used, and whether cervical dilation is necessaryNo. MVA3, also known as "mini-suction" and "[[menstrual extraction]]", can be used in very early pregnancy, and does not require cervical dilation. Surgical techniques are sometimes referred to as 'Suction 228 (or surgical2005) Termination Of Pregnancy' (STOPemphasis added). From the 15th week until approximately the 26th, [[dilation and evacuation]] (D&E) is used. D&E consists of opening the [[cervix]] of the uterus and emptying it using surgical instruments and suction.</ref>

''[[Dilation and curettage]]'' (D&C):This past August in Minneapolis, Patrick Carroll, director of the second most common method Pension and Population Research Institute of abortionLondon, is presented a standard gynecological procedure performed for a variety of reasons, including examination of paper to the uterine lining for possible malignancy, investigation largest gathering of abnormal bleeding, and abortionstatisticians in North America. ''[[Curettage]]'' refers to cleaning He showed that abortion was the walls best predictor of the [[uterus]] with a [[curette]]breast cancer in Britain. The [[World Health Organization]] recommends this procedure, also called ''sharp curettage,'' Breast cancer is the only when MVA is unavailablecancer in Britain which has its highest incidence and mortality rate among the upper rather than lower social classes.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[World Health Organization]] |chapter=Dilatation Abortion before a full term pregnancy and curettage |chapterurl=http://wwwlate pregnancy were the best explanations for this incidence.who.int/reproductive-health/impac/Procedures/Dilatetion_P61_P63.html |title=Managing Complications in Pregnancy He also found that there had been a 70% increase risk of breast cancer between 1971 and 2002 and Childbirth: A Guide that for Midwives women between 50 and Doctors |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |location=Geneva |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=92-4-154587-9 |oclc=181845530 |accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> 54 years of age incidence was highly correlated with abortion.

Other techniques must be used to induce Demographic evidence of abortion in causing breast cancer includes the second [[wiktionary:trimester|trimester]]following. Premature delivery can be induced with [[prostaglandin]]; this can be coupled with injecting Breast cancer rates are far lower in Western countries that prohibited abortion than in those that promoted it. Ireland, which virtually bans abortion, reportedly has a lifetime rate of breast cancer of only 1 in 13, nearly half the [[amniotic sac|amniotic fluid]] with hypertonic solutions containing [[saline (medicine)|saline]] or [[urea]]rate of 1 in 7. After 5 in the 16th week United States.<ref>"Probability of gestationbreast cancer in American Women, abortions can be induced by [[intact dilation and extraction]] " National Cancer Institute (IDX) (also called intrauterine cranial decompression)Apr. 15, which requires surgical decompression of the fetus2005); K. O's head before evacuationFlaherty, R. IDX is sometimes called "partial-birth abortionOakley," which has been [[PartialSelf-Birth Abortion Ban Act|federally banned]] checks 'useless' in the United Statesbreast cancer fight," Sunday Tribune (Ireland), at 8 (Oct. A [[hysterotomy 6, 2002).</ref> The rate of breast cancer increases steadily as one travels from Ireland, where abortion]] is a procedure similar illegal, to a [[caesarean section]] and Northern Ireland, where abortion is performed under [[general anesthesia]]. It requires a smaller incision than a caesarean section and legal but rare, to England, where abortion is used during later stages of pregnancycommon.<ref name=> R. O'Reilly, "encartaNew weapon in war against breast cancer,">{{cite encyclopedia |last=McGee |first=Glenn |authorlink=Glenn McGee |coauthors=[[Jon F. Merz]] |encyclopedia=[[Encarta]] |title=Abortion |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553899/AbortionThe Press Association Limited (Dec.html |accessdate=2008-1217, 1998); "Portugal-05 |publisher=[[Microsoft]]|archiveurl=http://wwwabortion referendum," Associated Press Worldstream (June 27, 1998).webcitation.org/5kvWYG63q|archivedate=2009-10-31|deadurl=yes}}</ref>

From In Romania, abortion was illegal under two decades of rule by the 20th to 23rd week dictator Nicolae Ceausescu, and the country enjoyed one of gestationthe lowest breast cancer rates in the entire world during that time, far lower than comparable Western countries. Romania's breast cancer rate was an injection to stop astounding one-sixth the fetal heart can be used as the first phase rate of the surgical abortion procedureUnited States.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vause SA. Khan, Sands J"The role of fat in breast cancer, Johnston TA" The Independent (May 18, Russell S, Rimmer S |title=Could some fetocides be avoided by more prompt referral after diagnosis of fetal abnormality? |journal=J Obstet Gynaecol |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=243–245 |year=2002 |month=May |pmid=12521492 |doi=101998).1080/01443610220130490 |url=http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/01443610220130490&magic=pubmed&#124;&#124;1B69BA326FFE69C3F0A8F227DF8201D0 |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Dommergues M But after the execution of Ceausescu on Christmas Day, Cahen F1989, Garel MRomania has taken the opposite approach, Mahieu-Caputo D, Dumez Y |title=Feticide during second- and third-trimester termination embracing abortion to the point that Romania now has one of pregnancy: opinions of health care professionals |journal=Fetalthe highest abortion rates in the world. Diagn. Ther. |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=91–97 |year=2003 |pmid=12576743 |doi=10.1159/000068068 |url=http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=fdt18091 |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Bhide AN. Abdullaev, Sairam S"Russians are quickest to marry and divorce, Hollis B" Moscow Times (Dec 8, Thilaganathan B |title=Comparison of feticide carried out by cordocentesis versus cardiac puncture |journal=Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=230–232 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12230443 |doi=102004).1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00797.x |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Senat MV, Fischer C, Bernard JP One Romanian observer decried, Ville Y |title="The use liberalization of lidocaine for fetocide abortions in late termination Romania in 1990, the significant increase of pregnancy |journal=BJOG |volume=110 |issue=3 |pages=296–300 |year=2003 |month=March |pmid=12628271 |doi= 10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.02217.x|url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=1470-0328&date=2003&volume=110&issue=3&spage=296 |accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Senat MVthe number of abortions at relatively short intervals, Fischer C, Ville Y |title=Funipuncture for fetocide determined a rise in late termination the incidence of pregnancy |journal=Prenatbreast and uterine cervix cancer in my country. Diagn. |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=354–356 |year=2002 |month=May |pmid=12001185 |doi=10.1002/pd.290 |accessdate=2008-12-03}}"</ref> to ensure that the fetus is not born alive.<ref>{{cite book |author=Nuffield Council Information packet, Women’s Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) World Conference on Bioethics |chapter=Clinical perspectives Breast Cancer (ContinuedJuly 1997) |chapterurl=http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/go/browseablepublications/criticalCareDecisionFetalNeonatalMedicine/report_542.html |accessdate=2008-12-03 |title=Critical Case Decisions in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine: Ethical Issues |publisher=Nuffield Council on Bioethics |location= |year=2006 |isbn=1-904384-14-5 |oclc=85782378}}</ref>

===Other methods===HistoricallyStudies on rats, a number which are an accepted method for identifying causes of herbs reputed to possess [[abortifacient]] properties have been used cancer in [[folk medicine]]: [[tansy]]humans, further confirm that abortion does indeed increase the risk of breast cancer. As Dr. [[pennyroyalJoel Brind]]observed, [[black cohosh]]"Researchers also widely admit to the biological plausibility of abortion as an independent cause of breast cancer, and through the nowestrogen-extinct [[silphium]] (see [[Abortion#History mediated stimulation of abortion|history breast growth in the absence of abortion]])differentiation.<ref name="riddle2">{{cite book |first=John M. |last=Riddle |title=Eve's herbs: a history This was demonstrated experimentally in rats in the landmark experiments of contraception Russo and abortion in the West |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=0-674-27024-X |oclc=36126503}}{{pn}}Russo."</ref> The use of herbs in such a manner can cause serious—even lethal—side effects, such as [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|multiple organ failureJoel Brind]], and is not recommended by [[physician]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ciganda C"Induced Abortion as an Independent Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Critical Review of Recent Studies Based on Prospective Data, Laborde A |title=Herbal infusions used for induced abortion |journal=" J. Toxicolof Am. ClinPhysicians & Surgeons 105 (Winter 2005) [http://www. Toxicoljpands. |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=235–239 |year=2003 |pmid=12807304 |doi=10org/vol10no4/brind.pdf] (citing Russo J, Russo IH.1081/CLTSusceptibility of the mammary gland tocarcinogenesis. 1980;100:497-120021104 |url= |accessdate=2008-12-04}}512).</ref>Additional scientific information on the abortion-breast cancer link is available [http://www.bcpinstitute.org here].

Abortion is sometimes attempted by causing trauma An expert (Dr. Lynn Rosenberg) hired to the abdomen. The degree of forcedefend abortion felt compelled to admit, if severeunder cross-examination, can cause serious internal injuries without necessarily succeeding in inducing [[miscarriage]].that a woman increases her risk for breast cancer by having an abortion compared to carrying her pregnancy to childbirth:<ref>Education for Choice. (2005-05-06). http://www.efcabortionbreastcancer.org.ukcom/Foryoungpeople/Factsaboutabortion/Unsafeabortion Unsafe abortion. Retrieved 2006-01-11rosenbergs_testimony.htm</ref> Both accidental and deliberate abortions of this kind can be subject to criminal liability in many countries. In Southeast Asia, there is an ancient tradition of attempting abortion through forceful abdominal massage.<ref name="potts">{{cite journal |first=Malcolm |last=Potts |authorlink=Malcolm Potts |year=2002 |title=History of Contraception |journal=Gynecology and Obstetrics |volume=6 |issue=8 |accessdate=2008-12-04}}</ref> One of the [[bas relief]]s decorating the temple of [[Angkor Wat]] in Cambodia depicts a demon performing such an abortion upon a woman who has been sent to the [[underworld]].<ref name="potts" />

Reported methods of unsafe, [[self-induced abortion]] include misuse of [[misoprostol]], and insertion of non-surgical implements such as knitting needles and clothes hangers into :Question by the uterus. These methods are rarely seen attorney: 'So in developed countries where surgical abortion is legal and available.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Thapa SRother words, Rimal Da woman who finds herself pregnant at age 15 will have a higher breast cancer risk if she chooses to abort that pregnancy, Preston J |title=Self induction of abortion with instrumentation |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=35 |issue=9 |pages=697–698 |year=2006 |month=September |pmid=16969439 |doi= |url=http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200609/11015 |accessdate=2008-12-04}}</ref>{{clr}}<!-- The clr tag prevents than if she carries the picture from running into the next section. Please keep it at the bottom of this section. -->pregnancy to term, [is that] correct?'

==Health risks=={{See also|Unsafe abortion#Health risks|l1=Health risks of unsafe abortion}} Abortion, when legally performed in developed countries, is among the safest procedures in medicine.<ref name="lancet-grimes">{{cite journal |author=Grimes DA, Benson J, Singh S, ''et al.'' |title=Unsafe abortion: the preventable pandemic |journal=Lancet |volume=368 |issue=9550 |pages=1908–19 |year=2006 |month=November |pmid=17126724 |doi=10Dr.1016/S0140-6736(06)69481-6 |url=httpLynn Rosenberg://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/general/lancet_4.pdf}}</ref><ref name="grimes-overview">{{cite journal |author=Grimes DA'Probably, Creinin MD |title=Induced abortion: an overview for internists |journal=Annyes. Intern. Med. |volume=140 |issue=8 |pages=620–6 |year=2004 |month=April |pmid=15096333 |doi= |url=http://www.annals.org/content/140/8/620.full}}</ref> In such settings, risk of [[maternal death]] is between 0.2–1.2 per 100,000 procedures.<ref name=IOB2003>{{cite journal |author=Yanda K. et al |title=Reproductive health and human rights |journal=International journal of gynecology and obstetrics |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=275–283 |year=2003 |month=Sept |pmid= 14499974|doi= 10.1016/S0020-7292(03)00226-1|url=http://www.ijgo.org/article/PIIS0020729203002261/fulltext}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Vekemans M |title=Making induced abortion safe and legal, worldwide |journal=Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=165–8 |year=2009 |month=June |pmid=19565413 |doi=10.1080/13625180902886371 |url=}}</ref><ref name="grimes-mortality">{{cite journal |author=Grimes DA |title=Estimation of pregnancy-related mortality risk by pregnancy outcome, United States, 1991 to 1999 |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=194 |issue=1 |pages=92–4 |year=2006 |month=January |pmid=16389015 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.070 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Douglas W. Laube; Barzansky, Barbara M.; Beckmann, Charles R. B.; Herbert, William G. |title=Obstetrics and Gynecology |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstown, Maryland |year=2009 |pages=150 |isbn=0-7817-8807-2 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> In comparison, by 1996, mortality from childbirth in developed countries was 11 times greater.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kulczycki A, Potts M, Rosenfield A |title=Abortion and fertility regulation |journal=Lancet |volume=347 |issue=9016 |pages=1663–8 |year=1996 |month=June |pmid=8642962 |doi= 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91491-9|url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Yanda K. et al |title=Reproductive health and human rights |journal=International journal of gynecology and obstetrics |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=275–283 |year=2003 |month=Sept |pmid= 14499974|doi= 10.1016/S0020-7292(03)00226-1|url=http://www.ijgo.org/article/PIIS0020729203002261/fulltext}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Danielle Mazza |title=Women's health in general practice |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |location=Oxford |year=2004 |pages=93 |isbn=0-7506-8773-8 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Eric Sokol; Andrew Sokol |title=General gynecology |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=238 |isbn=0-323-03247-8 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Lloyd, Cynthia B. |title=Growing up global: the changing transitions to adulthood in developing countries |publisher=National Academies Press |location=Washington, D.C |year=2005 |pages=215 |isbn=0-309-09528-X |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Douglas W. Laube; Barzansky, Barbara M.; Beckmann, Charles R. B.; Herbert, William G. |title=Obstetrics and Gynecology |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=2009 |pages=150 |isbn=0-7817-8807-2 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> [[Unsafe abortion]]s (defined by the [[World Health Organization]] as those performed by unskilled individuals, with hazardous equipment, or in unsanitary facilities) carry a high risk of maternal death and other complications.<ref name="who-unsafe-1995">{{cite web| publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | title = The Prevention and Management of Unsafe Abortion | date = April 1995 | accessdate = June 1, 2010 | url = http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1992/WHO_MSM_92.5.pdf |format = PDF}}</ref> For unsafe procedures, the mortality rate has been estimated at 367 per 100,000.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fawcus SR |title=Maternal mortality and unsafe abortion |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=533–48 |year=2008 |month=June |pmid=18249585 |doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2007.10.006 |url=}}</ref>

====Physical health====Surgical abortion methods:Question: 'Looking at that another way, like most [[minimally invasive procedure]]let'scompare two women. Let's say both got pregnant at age 15-- one terminates the pregnancy, carry a small potential for serious complicationsbut the other carries the pregnancy to term.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[World Health Organization]] |title=Medical Methods for Termination of Pregnancy: Report And both women go on to get married and have two kids, say, at age 30 and age 35. Is the risk of breast cancer higher for the woman who had an abortion at age 15 or the woman who had a Who Scientific Group |series=Who Technical Report Series No. 871 |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |location=[[Geneva]] |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=92-4-120871-6 |oclc=38276325}}{{pn}}</ref>baby at age 15, all other things being equal?'

Surgical abortion is generally safe and the rate of major complications is low<ref>{{cite book |last1=Botha|first1=Rosanne L:Dr.|last2=Bednarek|first2=Paula H.|last3=Kaunitz|first3=Andrew M.|coauthors=Alison B. Edelman|editor=Guy I Benrubi |title=Handbook of Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies |edition=4|year=2010|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1605476667|page=256|chapter=Complications of Medical and Surgical Abortion|quote=Although first trimester medical and surgical abortion are safe with low rates of major complications, these are common procedures, and therefore it is not unusual Lynn Rosenberg: 'It's probably higher for women with the one who had an abortion complications to present for emergent care.}}</ref> but varies depending on how far pregnancy has progressed and the surgical method used.<ref name="Pregler"/> Concerning gestational at age, incidence of major complications is highest after 20 weeks of gestation and lowest before the 8th week.<ref name="Pregler"/> With more advanced gestation there is a higher risk of [[uterine perforation]] and retained products of conception,<ref name="Rello">{{cite book|editor=Jordi Rello|title=Infectious diseases in critical care|edition=2|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3540344056|page=490}}</ref> and specific procedures like [[dilation and evacuation]] may be required.<ref name="cochrane-2nd-tri">{{cite journal |author=Lohr PA, Hayes JL, Gemzell-Danielsson K |title=Surgical versus medical methods for second trimester induced abortion |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=1 |pages=CD006714 |year=2008 |pmid=18254113 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD00671415.pub2 }}</ref>'

Concerning Despite the methods usedoverwhelming evidence -- and inescapable logic -- for abortion increasing breast cancer, general incidence promoters of major complications for surgical abortion varies from lower for suction curettage, cite flawed articles in an attempt to higher for saline instillationdeny the link.<ref name="Pregler">{{cite book|last1=Pregler|first1=Janet P. |last2=DeCherney|first2=Alan H. |title=Women's health: principles and clinical practice |year=2002 |publisher=pmph usa |isbn=978-1550091700 |page=232}}</ref> Possible complications include The flaws in these articles are exposed in [[hemorrhage]], incomplete Harvard abortion, uterine or pelvic infection, ongoing intrauterine pregnancy, misdiagnosed/unrecognized [[ectopic pregnancystudy]], and [[hematometra]] (in the uterus), [[uterine perforation]] and cervical lacerationhttp://www.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Botha|first1=Rosanne Ljpands. |last2=Bednarek|first2=Paula Horg/vol10no1/aschlafly. |last3=Kaunitz|first3=Andrew M. |coauthors=Alison B. Edelman |editor=Guy I Benrubi |title=Handbook of Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies |edition=4 |year=2010 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-1605476667 |page=258 |chapter=Complications of Medical and Surgical Abortion}}</ref> Use of [[general anesthesiapdf]] increases the risk of complications because it relaxes uterine musculature making it easier to perforate.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morgan|first1=Mark |last2=Siddighi|first2=Sam |title=NMS Obstetrics and Gynecology |edition=5 |series=National Medical Series for Independent Study |year=2004 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0781726795 |page=140}}</ref>

Women who have uterine anomalies, [[leiomyomas]] or had previous difficult first-trimester abortion are contraindicated to undertake surgical abortion unless [[Medical ultrasonography|ultrasonography]] is immediately available and the surgeon is experienced in its intraoperative useAs Dr.Lanfranchi has explained:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Speroff|first1=Leon|last2=Fritz|first2=Marc Ahttp://www.|title=Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility|edition=7|year=2004|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0781747950|page=851|chapter=Family Planning, Sterilization, and Abortion}}<jpands.org/ref> Abortion does not impair subsequent pregnancies, nor does it increase the risk of future [[premature birth]]s, infertility, [[ectopic pregnancy]], or miscarriagevol13no1/lanfranchi.pdf<ref name="grimes-overview"/ref>

<!:Well-- pain should be better defined to avoid ignoring a possible complicationWomen typically experience minor pain during first-trimester abortion procedures. In a 1979 study of 2,299 patients, 97% reported experiencing some degree of pain. Patients rated documented breast physiology accounts for the pain as being less than earache or toothache, but more than headache or backache.<ref name="pmid443287">{{cite journal |author=Smith GM, Stubblefield PG, Chirchirillo L, McCarthy MJ |title=Pain of first-trimester abortion: its quantification fact that oral contraceptives and relations with other variables |journal=[[Am J Obstet Gynecol]] |volume=133 |issue=5 |pages=489–498 |year=1979 |pmid=443287 |doi= |url=}}</ref>{{better source}}-->In the first trimester, [[Medical abortion#Health risks|health risks associated with medical abortion]] are generally considered no greater than risk factors for surgical abortionbreast cancer.<ref name="who-medical-abortion">{{cite web | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | title = Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination There is an effort to suppress this information by federal agencies and those in academic medicine. Without this information, women cannot make a fully informed choice about their method of fertility control or about whether to maintain an unplanned pregnancy | url = http://apps.who Medical ethics demands that they be informed.int/rhl/fertility/abortion/pccom/en/index.html | date = December 15, 2006 | accessdate = June 1, 2010}}</ref>

===Mental health==={{Main|Abortion and mental health}}No scientific research has demonstrated that abortion is a cause of poor mental health in the general population. However there are groups of women who may be at higher risk of coping with problems and distress following abortionPro-choice should include ''informed'' choice.<ref name="Cockburn">{{cite book |last1=Cockburn|first1=Jayne |last2=Pawson|first2=Michael E. |title=Psychological Challenges to Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Clinical Management |year=2007 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1846288074 |page=243}}</ref> Some factors in a woman's life, such as emotional attachment to the pregnancy, lack Archdiocese of social supportSt. Louis, pre-existing psychiatric illnessfor example, remarked about abortions and conservative views on abortion increase the likelihood of experiencing negative feelings after an abortionincreased risk for breast cancer: "To dismiss that link is irresponsible.<ref name="APA89">{{cite journal |author=Adler NE, David HP, Major BN, Roth SH, Russo NF, Wyatt GE |title=Psychological responses after abortion |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=248 |issue=4951 |pages=41–4 |year=1990 |pmid=2181664 |doi=10.1126/science.2181664}}</ref> The [[American Psychological Association]] (APA) concluded that abortion does not lead to increased mental health problems.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apachron.orgcom/pidisp/womenstory.mpl/programsap/tx/5620863.html]</ref> Yet efforts continue to suppress awareness that abortion/mentalincreases breast cancer. Pro-health.pdf |title=Report life scientists were almost entirely barred from the National Cancer Institute's "study" of the APA Task Force on Mental Health link, and Abortion |publisher=its resulting statements were fatally flawed as explained in [[American Psychological AssociationNational Cancer Institute on Abortion]] |location=Washington, DC |date=August 13, 2008}}</ref> .

Some proposed negative psychological effects of abortion have been referred to by anti-abortion advocates as a separate condition called "post-abortion syndrome." However, the existence of "post-abortion syndrome" is not recognized by any medical or psychological organization.<ref name="Grimes">{{cite journal |author=Grimes DA, Creinin MD |title=Induced abortion: an overview for internists |journal=[[Ann Intern Med]] File:Smelliesdoublecrochet.jpg|volume=140 right|issue=8 thumb|pages=620–6 250px|year=2004 |pmid=15096333 |doi=10.1001/archinte.140.5.620 |quote=Abortion does not lead to an increased risk for breast cancer or other late psychiatric or medical sequelae. ... The alleged Smellie'postabortion trauma syndrome' does not exist.}}</ref><ref name="stotlandreview">{{cite journal |author=Stotland NL |title=Abortion s double crochet abortion tool was used to grab and psychiatric practice |journal=[[J Psychiatr Pract]] |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=139–149 |year=2003 |pmid=15985924 |doi=10.1097/00131746-200303000-00005 |quote=Currently, there are active attempts to convince rip the public and women considering abortion that abortion frequently has negative psychiatric consequences. This assertion is not borne baby out by the literature: the vast majority of women tolerate abortion without psychiatric sequelae.}}</ref><ref name="stotland_1404747">{{cite journal |author=Stotland NL |title=The myth of the abortion trauma syndrome |journal=[[J Am Med Assoc]] |volume=268 |issue=15 |pages=2078–9 |year=1992 |month=October |pmid=1404747 |doi=10.1001/jama.268.15.2078 |doi_brokendate=2009-11-14}}</ref>

==Incidence=Abortion Causes Future Harm with Premature Births =The number of abortions performed worldwide has deceased between 1995 and 2003 from 45.6&nbsp;million to 41.6&nbsp;million (a decrease from 35 to 29 per 1000 women between 15 and 44 years of age).<ref name=OBGY09/> The greatest decrease has occurred in the developed world with a decrease from 39 to 26 per 1000 women in comparison to the developing world which had a decrease from 34 to 29 per 1000 women.<ref name=OBGY09/> Of these approximately 42 million abortions 22 million occurred safely and 20 million unsafely.<ref name=OBGY09/>

The incidence and reasons for induced abortion vary regionally. Some countries, such as Belgium "At least 49 studies have demonstrated a statistically significant increase in premature births (11.2 per 100 known pregnanciesPB) and the Netherlands (10.6 per 100), had a comparatively or low rate of induced abortion, while others like Russia birth weight (62.6 per 100LBW) and Vietnam (43.7 per 100) had a high rate. The world ratio was 26 risk in women with prior induced abortions per 100 known pregnancies (excluding miscarriages and stillbirthsIAs)."<ref>Henshaw, Stanley KBrent Rooney and Byron C.Calhoun, Singh, Susheela, "Induced Abortion and HaasRisk of Later Premature Births, Taylor" 8 J. Am. Physicians & Surgeons 46 (1999Summer 2003). [http://www.guttmacherjpands.org/pubsvol8no2/journals/25s3099rooney.html The Incidence of Abortion Worldwidepdf]. ''International Family Planning Perspectives</ref> Premature birth tragically causes brain damage, 25 and an array of other severe, lifelong injuries ranging from Cerebral Palsy to blindness, or even death, and few mothers would knowingly increase the risk of that happening. "There are at least seventeen (Supplement17)''studies that have found that previous induced abortions increase preterm birth risk” and thereby increase debilitating Cerebral Palsy in children."<ref>Brent Rooney, 30–38. Retrieved 2006-01-18Letter, 96 European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 239 (2001) (citations omitted).</ref>

===By gestational age and method==={{Double image|right|UK In 2008, the generally pro-abortion by gestational age 2004 histogram.svg|200|US British medical journal, ''The Lancet'', admitted that a procedure often used in abortion by gestational age 2004 histogram.svg|200|[[Histogram]] increase the risk of abortions by [[gestational age]] in England and Wales during 2004premature birth:<ref>Dr, Jay D. Average is 9Iams, Dr.5 weeksRobert Romero, Jennifer F. Culhane (leftPhD) Abortion in the United States by gestational age, 2004Dr. (Data sourceRobert L. Goldenberg. Primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of preterm birth. Lancet 2008;371: Centers 164-175. While the text of this article conceals the connection with abortion, it cites as support for Disease Control and Prevention) its claims two studies showing how abortion increases risk of premature birth: the 2004 'Ancel' study of ten (right10) ||}}European countries and the 2005 'Moreau' study that used French subjects. Ancel P-Y, Lelong N, Papiernik E, Saurel-Cubizoilles M-J, Kaminski M. History of induced abortion as a risk factor for preterm birth in European countries: results of the EUROPOP survey. Human Reproduction. 2004;112:734-740. Moreau C, Kaminski M, Ancel PY et al. Previous I induced abortions and the risk of very preterm delivery; Results of the EPIPAGE study. British J Obstetrics Gynaecology 2005; 112:430-437.</ref>

Abortion rates also vary depending on the stage of pregnancy :"For example, greater public and the method practiced. In 2003, from data collected in those areas professional awareness of the United States evidence that sufficiently reported gestational age, it was found that 88.2% of abortions were conducted at or prior to 12 weeks, 10.4% from 13 to 20 weeks, and 1.4% at or after 21 weeks. 90.9% of these were classified as having been done by "[[curettage]]" ([[Suctionrepeated uterine instrumentation-aspiration abortion|suction-aspiration]]eg, [[Dilation and uterine curettage]], [[Dilation and evacuation]]), 7.7% by "[[medical abortion|medical]]" means ([[mifepristone]]), 0.4% by "[[instillation abortion|intrauterine instillation]]" (saline or [[prostaglandin]]), and 1.0% by "other" (including [[hysterotomy abortion|hysterotomy]] and [[hysterectomy]]).<ref name="cdc2003">Strauss, L.T., Gamble, S.B., Parker, W.Y, Cook, D.A., Zane, S.B., and Hamdan, S. (November 24, 2006). [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5511a1.htm Abortion Surveillance – United States, 2003]. ''Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55 (11),'' 1–32. Retrieved May 10, 2007.</ref> The [[Guttmacher Institute]] estimated there were 2,200 [[intact dilation and extraction]] procedures in the U.S. during 2000; this accounts for 0.17% of the total number of abortions performed that year.<ref>Finer, Lawrence B. and Henshaw, Stanley K. (2003). [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3500603.html Abortion Incidence and Services in the United States in 2000]. ''Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 35 (1).'.' Retrieved 2006endometrial biopsy-05-10.</ref> Similarly, in England and Wales in 2006, 89% is associated with increased risk of terminations occurred at or under 12 weeks, 9% between 13 to 19 weeks, and 1.5% at or subsequent preterm birth might over 20 weeks. 64% of those reported were by vacuum aspiration, 6% by D&E, and 30% were medical.<ref>{{cite web |author=Department of Health |year=2007 |title=Abortion statistics, England and Wales: 2006 |url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistics/DH_075697 |accessdate=2007time influence decision-10-12}}</ref> Later abortions are more common in China, India, and other developing countries than in developed countriesmaking about the procedure.<ref>Cheng L. [http://www.who.int/rhl/fertility/abortion/CD006714_chengl_com/en/index.html “Surgical versus medical methods for second-trimester induced abortion : RHL commentary”] (last revised: 1 November 2008). The WHO Reproductive Health Library; Geneva: World Health Organization.</ref>"

===By personal Researchers Rooney and social factors===[[ImageCalhoun observed:AGIAbortionReasonsBarChart<ref>''Id.png|thumb|A bar chart depicting selected data from the 1998 [[Alan Guttmacher Institute|AGI]] [[meta-study]] on the reasons women stated for having an abortion.]]''</ref>

A 1998 aggregated study, from 27 countries, on the reasons women seek to terminate their pregnancies concluded that common factors cited to :Large studies have influenced the abortion decision were: desire to delay or end childbearing, concern over the interruption reported a doubling of work or education, issues of financial or relationship stability, and perceived immaturity.<ref name="bankole98">Bankole, Akinrinola, Singh, Susheela, and Haas, Taylor. (1998). [http://wwwearly premature birth] EPB risk from two prior IAs.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2411798.html Reasons Why Women Have Induced Abortions: Evidence from 27 Countries]. ''International Family Planning Perspectiveswho had four or more IAs experienced, 24 (3)'', 117–127 and 152. Retrieved 2006-01-18.</ref> A 2004 study in which American women at [[abortion clinic|clinics]] answered a questionnaire yielded similar results.<ref name="finer2005">Finer, Lawrence B., Frohwirth, Lori F., Dauphinee, Lindsay A., Singh, Shusheela, and Moore, Ann M. (2005). [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3711005.pdf Reasons U.S. women have abortions: quantative and qualitative perspectives]. ''Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Healthaverage, 37 (3),'' 110–118. Retrieved 2006-01-18.</ref> In Finland and nine times the United States, concern for the health risks posed by pregnancy in individual cases was not a factor commonly given; however, in risk of [[Bangladesh]extremely early premature births]XPB, India, and [[Kenya]] health concerns were cited by women more frequently as reasons for having an abortion.<ref name="bankole98"/> 1% increase of women in the 2004 survey-based U800 percent.S. study became pregnant as a result of [[rape]] and 0.5% as a result of [[incest]].<ref name="finer2005"/> Another American study in 2002 concluded These results suggest that 54% of women who had an abortion were using a form contemplating IA should be informed of [[birth control|contraception]] at the time of becoming pregnant while 46% were not. Inconsistent use was reported by 49% of those using [[condom]]s and 76% of those using the [[combined oral contraceptive pill]]; 42% of those using condoms reported failure through slipping or breakage.<ref>Jonesthis potential risk to subsequent pregnancies, Rachel K., Darroch, Jacqueline E., Henshaw, Stanley K. (2002). [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3429402.pdf Contraceptive Use Among U.S. Women Having Abortions in 2000–2001]. ''Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34 (6).'.' Retrieved June 15, 2006.</ref> The Guttmacher Institute estimated that "most abortions in physicians should be aware of the United States are obtained by minority women" because minority women "have much higher rates of unintended pregnancy."<ref>Susan A. Cohen: [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/11/3/gpr110302.html ''Abortion potential liability and Women of Color: The Bigger Picture''], Guttmacher Policy Review, Summer 2008, Volume 11, Number 3possible need for intensified prenatal care.</ref>

Some abortions are undergone as the result Demographic evidence of societal pressures. These might include how abortion increases premature birth includes the stigmatization of disabled people, preference for children of a specific sex, disapproval of single motherhood, insufficient economic support for families, lack of access to or rejection of contraceptive methods, or efforts toward [[population control]] (such as China's [[one-child policy]]). These factors can sometimes result in compulsory abortion or [[sex-selective abortion]].following:

===Unsafe abortion===[[Image:RussianAbortionPoster.jpg|thumb|Soviet poster circa 1925, promoting hospital abortions. Title translation: "Abortions performed by either trained or self-taught midwives not only maim the woman, they also often lead to death."]]{{Main|Unsafe abortion}}Women seeking to terminate their pregnancies sometimes resort to unsafe methods, particularly where The Centers for Disease Control and when access to legal abortion is restricted. The [[World Health Organization]] Prevention (WHOCDC) defines an unsafe abortion as being "a procedure ... carried out by persons lacking the necessary skills or in an environment that does not conform to minimal medical standards, or both."<ref name="whounsafe">World Health Organization. (2004). [http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/unsafeabortion_2000/estimates.pdf "Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2000"]. Retrieved 2009-03-22.</ref> Unsafe abortions are sometimes known colloquially as "back-alley" abortions. They may be performed by [[self-induced abortion|the woman herselfT]], another person without medical training, or a professional health provider operating in sub-standard conditions. Unsafe he abortion remains a public health concern due to the higher incidence and severity of its associated complications, such as incomplete abortion, [[sepsis]], hemorrhage, and damage to internal organs. It is estimated that 20 million unsafe abortions occur around the world annually and that 70,000 of these result in the woman's death.<ref name=OBGY09/> Complications of unsafe abortion are said to account, globally, rate for black women has been approximately 13% of all [[maternal death|maternal mortalities]], with regional estimates including 12% in Asia, 25% in Latin America, and 13% in [[sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref>Salter, C., Johnson, H.B., and Hengen, N. (1997). [http://www.infoforhealth.org/pr/l10edsum.shtml Care for post abortion complications: saving women's lives]. ''Population Reports, 25 (1).three times'.' Retrieved 2006-02-22.</ref> Although the global rate of abortion declined from 45.6 million in 1995 to 41.6 million in 2003, unsafe procedures still accounted ' as high as that for 48% of all abortions performed in 2003.<ref name="Worldwide">{{cite journal |first=Gilda |last=Sedgh |year=2007 |month=October |title=Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide |journal=[[The Lancet]] |volume=370 |issue=9595 |pages=1338–1345 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736white women (07)61575-X |pmid=17933648 |url=httprange://media2.mcclatchydc.com/smedia/2007/10/17/13/Chang6-Guttmacher_Institute_abortion_report.source.prod_affiliate.91.pdf |format=PDF|accessdate=2008-12-02 |last2=Henshaw |first2=S |last3=Singh |first3=S |last4=Ahman |first4=E |last5=Shah |first5=IH}}</ref>Health education, access to family planning, and improvements in health care during and after abortion have been proposed to address this phenomenon3.1) since 1991"<ref>World Health Organization. (1998). [http://www.whocdc.intgov/docstoremmwr/world-health-daypreview/enmmwrhtml/pages1998/whd98_10.html Address Unsafe Abortion]. Retrieved 2006-03-01ss5407a1.htm (emphasis added)</ref>

==History==[[Image:FrenchPeriodicalPills-January61845,BostonDailyTimes.jpg|thumb|right|"French Periodical Pills." An example of ''Science Daily'''s report on a clandestine advertisement published in an 1845 edition study by the Washington University School of the Medicine: "African-American women are ''Boston Daily Times'three times'.]]{{Main|History of abortion}}Induced abortion can be traced '' more likely to deliver babies three to ancient times.17 weeks prematurely than Caucasian women"<ref name="devereux">{{cite book |last=Devereux |first=G. |chapter=A typological study of abortion in 350 primitive, ancient, and pre-industrial societies |chapterurl=http://www.poplinesciencedaily.orgcom/docsreleases/2007/671051 |accessdate=2008-12-02 |editor=Harold Rosen |title=Abortion in America; medical, psychiatric, legal, anthropological, and religious considerations |year=1967 |location=[[Boston]] |publisher=[[Beacon Press]] |oclc=187445}}/070209074144.htm (emphasis added)</ref> There is evidence to suggest that, historically, pregnancies were terminated through a number of methods, including the administration of [[abortifacient]] herbs, the use of sharpened implements, the application of abdominal pressure, and other techniques.

The [[Hippocratic Oath]], In 2002 an article entitled "Preterm Birth: A Continuing Challenge" noted that premature births are abnormally high in the chief statement of [[medical ethics]] for Hippocratic physicians in [[Ancient Greece]]United States, forbade doctors from helping to procure an citing a study that observed that a previous abortion by [[pessary]]. [[Soranus (Greek Physician)|Soranus]], is a second-century Greek "risk factor[[physician]], suggested in his work ''[[Gynaecology]]'' that women wishing to abort their pregnancies should engage in energetic exercise, energetic jumping, carrying heavy objects, and riding animals. He also prescribed a number of recipes for herbal baths, pessaries, both infertility and [[bloodletting]], but advised against the use of sharp instruments to induce miscarriage due to the risk of organ perforationpreterm birth."<ref>{{cite book |first=Mary R. |last=Lefkowitz |authorlink=Mary Lefkowitz |coauthors=Maureen B. Fant |title=Women's life in Greece & Rome: a source book in translation |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |location=[[Baltimore]] |year=1992 |pages= |isbn=0-8018-4474-6 |oclc=25373320 |url=http://www.stoancbi.orgnlm.nih.gov/diotimapmc/anthologyarticles/wlgrPMC1595132/ |accessdate=2008-12-02}}</ref> It is also believed that, in addition to using it as a [[contraceptive]], the ancient Greeks relied upon [[silphium]] as an [[abortifacient]]. Such folk remedies, however, varied in effectiveness and were not without risk. [[Tansy]] and [[pennyroyal]], for example, are two poisonous herbs with serious [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effects]] that have at times been used to terminate pregnancy.

During The rate of premature birth is elevated by the [[Islamic Golden Age|medieval period]], [[Medicine in medieval Islam|physicians in same amount as the Islamic world]] documented detailed and extensive lists of birth control practicesabortion rate, including as expected if abortion increases the use risk of abortifacients, commenting on their effectiveness and prevalence.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sheikh|first=Sa'diyya|contribution=Family Planning, Contraception, and Abortion in Islam|editor-first=Daniel C.|editor-last=Maguire|title=Sacred Rights: The Case for Contraception and Abortion in World Religions|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] US|year=2003|isbn=0195160010|pages=105–128 [105–106]}}</ref> They listed many different premature birth control substances in their medical encyclopedias, such as [[Avicenna]] listing 20 in ''[[The Canon of Medicine]]'' (1025) and [[Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi]] listing 176 in his ''Hawi'' (10th century). This was unparalleled in European medicine until the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sheikh|first=Sa'diyya|contribution=Family Planning, Contraception, and Abortion in Islam|editor-first=Daniel C.|editor-last=Maguire|title=Sacred Rights: The Case for Contraception and Abortion in World Religions|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] US|year=2003|isbn=0195160010|pages=105–128 [115]}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=January 2010}}

During the [[Middle Ages]], abortion was tolerated and there were no laws against it.<ref>"[http://facts.randomhistory.com/2008/12/14_abortion.html 50 Random Facts About ...... Abortion]". Random Facts.</ref> A medieval female physician, [[Trotula]] of Salerno,<ref>"[[s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Medicine|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Medicine]]"</ref> administered a number of remedies for the “retention of menstrua,” which was sometimes a code for early abortifacients.<ref>Riddle, John M. 1992. Contraception and Abortion === Other Health Risks from the Ancient World to the Renaissance. London, England: Harvard University Press.</ref> [[Pope Sixtus V]] (1585–90) is noted as the first Pope to declare that abortion is homicide regardless of the stage of pregnancy.<ref>"[http://civilliberty.about.com/od/gendersexuality/tp/History-of-Prostitution.htm History of Prostitution]". About.com: Civil Liberties.</ref> Abortion in the 19th century continued, despite bans in both the United Kingdom and the United States, as the disguised, but nonetheless open, advertisement of services in the [[Victorian era]] suggests.<ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=DeHullu |url=http://mysite.verizon.net/jdehullu/abortion/abhist.htm |accessdate=2008-12-02 |title=Histories of Abortion}}</ref>

In the 20th century the Soviet Union (1919), Iceland (1935) and Sweden (1938) were among the first countries to legalize certain or all forms of abortion.<ref name="cbctrust">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbctrust.com/history_law_religion.php |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080208053146/http://www.cbctrust.com/history_law_religion.php |archivedate=2008-02-08 |title=Abortion Law, History & Religion |accessdate=2008-03-23 |work=Childbirth By Choice Trust}}</ref> In 1935 Nazi Germany, a law was passed permitting abortions for those deemed "hereditarily ill," while women considered of German stock were specifically prohibited from having abortions.<ref>{{cite book |last=Friedlander |first=Henry |authorlink=Henry Friedlander |title=The origins of Nazi genocide: from euthanasia to the final solution |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill |year=1995 |page=[http://books[U.googleS.com/books?id=gqLDEKVk2nMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA30,M1 30Supreme Court] |isbn=0-8078-4675-9 |oclc=60191622}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Robert |last=Proctor |authorlink=Robert N. Proctor |title=Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] |year=1988 |pages=122, 123 and 366 |isbn=0-674-74578-7 |oclc=20760638}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Margaret L. |last=Arnot |authorlink= |coauthors=Cornelie Usborne |title=Gender and Crime ruled in Modern Europe |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=1999 |page=231 |isbn=1-85728-745-2 |oclc=186748539}}2007 that:</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=DiMeglio |first=Peter M''Gonzales v. |editor=Helen Tierney |encyclopedia=WomenCarhart''s studies encyclopedia |title=Germany 1933–1945 (National Socialism) |year=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=[[Westport, Connecticut]] |isbn=0-313-31072-6 |oclc=38504469 |pages=[http://books127 S.googleCt.com/books?id=gQLqRd7hJq0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA5891610,M1 589]}}1634 (2007).</ref>

==Society :While we find no reliable data to measure the phenomenon, it seems unexceptionable to conclude some women come to regret their choice to abort the infant life they once created and culture=====Abortion debate==={{Refimprovesect|date=November 2008}}{{Double image|right|March sustained. See Brief for WomenSandra Cano 's Lives detail'et al.jpg|200|March for life 2009.JPG|200|Pro-choice activists near the [[Washington Monument]] at the [[March for Women's Lives]] ' as Amici Curiae in 2004No. (left) Pro05-life activists near the Washington Monument at the annual 2009 [[March for Life]] in [[Washington380, DC]]pp 22-24. (right) ||}}Severe depression and loss of esteem can follow. See ''ibid.''

{{Main|Abortion debate}}In A study published in the [[history of Southern Medical Journal observed that there are higher death rates association with women who have abortion]], induced abortion has been the source of considerable debate, controversy, and activismthat these higher death rates persist over time and across socioeconomic boundaries.<ref>D.C. An individual's position on the complex ethicalReardon, moralP.G. Ney, philosophicalF.J. Scheuren, biologicalJ.R. Cougle, and legal issues is often related to his or her [[value system]]P. The main positions are one that argues in favor of access to abortion and one argues against access to abortionK. Opinions of abortion may be described as being Coleman, T. Strahan, "Deaths associated with pregnancy outcome: a combination record linkage study of beliefs on its moralitylow income women, and beliefs on the responsibility" 95 Southern Medical Journal 8, ethical scope, and proper extent of governmental authorities in public policy. [[religion|Religious ethics]] also has an influence upon both personal opinion and the greater debate over abortion at 834-41 (see [[religion and abortion]]August 2002).</ref>

Abortion debates, especially pertaining to In [[abortion lawEngland]]s, the "Royal College of Psychiatrists says women should not be allowed to have an abortion until they are often spearheaded by groups advocating one counselled on the possible risk to their mental health." The medical royal college warned that women who have abortions may be at risk of these two positionsmental health problems. In the United States, those <ref>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article3559486.ece</ref> A New Zealand study found that abortion in favor young women may be associated with increased risks of greater legal restrictions onmental health problems.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16405636</ref> The researcher in this study, or even complete prohibition of abortion, most often describe themselves as who was not pro-life while those against legal restrictions on abortion describe themselves as pro-choice. Generally, was shaken by the former position argues that a human fetus is a human being with a [[right study and had to life|right go to live]] making abortion tantamount to murderfour journals before he could find one who would publish it. The latter position argues that a woman has certain [[reproductive rights]], especially the choice whether or not to carry a pregnancy to term<ref>http://www.thinkingchristian.net/C1148465919/E20060224082323/index.html</ref>

The study concludes with the following statement:{{cquote|These findings are inconsistent with the current consensus on the psychological effects of abortion. In both public and private debateparticular, arguments presented in favor of or against abortion access focus its 2005 statement on either abortion, the moral permissibility [[American Psychological Association]] concluded that “well-designed studies of an induced psychological responses following abortionhave consistently shown that risk of psychological harm is low...the percentage of women who experience clinically relevant distress is small and appears to be no greater than in general samples of women of reproductive age” (American Psychological Association, or justification 2005). This relatively strong conclusion about the absence of laws permitting harm from abortion was based on a relatively small number of studies which had one or restricting more of the following limitations: a) absence of comprehensive assessment of mental disorders; b) lack of comparison groups; and c) limited statistical controls. Furthermore, the statement appears to disregard the findings of a number of studies that had claimed to show negative effects for abortion(Cougle et al., 2003; Gissler et al., 1996; Reardon & Cougle, 2002). <ref>http://www.thinkingchristian.net/C1148465919/E20060224082323/index.html</ref>}}

Debate also focuses on whether Professor David Fergusson, lead author of the pregnant woman should have to notify and/or have the consent of others in distinct casesNew Zealand study stated: a [[minor (law){{cquote|minor]], her parents; a legally married or [[It borders on scandalous that one of the most common-law marriage|common-law]] wife, her husband; surgical procedures performed on young women is so poorly researched and evaluated. If this were Prozac or a pregnant woman, the biological father. In a 2003 Gallup poll in the United StatesVioxx, 79% reports of male associated harm would be taken much more seriously with more careful research and 67% of female respondents were in favor of legalized mandatory spousal notification; overall support was 72% with 26% opposedmonitoring procedures." <ref>The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. (2005-11-02). "[http://people-presswww.orgwashtimes.com/commentary/display.php3?AnalysisID=122 Public Opinion Supports Alito on Spousal Notification Even as It Favors Roe v. Wade]." ''Pew Research Center Pollwatch.'.' Retrieved 200620060120-03091648-016456r.htm</ref>}}

===Abortion law==={{Main|Abortion law}}{{See also|Reproductive rights}}[[File:AbortionLawsMapAnother study published in the OB/GYN Survey detailed long-NoLegend.png|thumb|right|250px|International status of abortion law: {{legend|#3f9bbb|Legal on request}} {{legend|#d4df5a|Legal for maternal life, health, mental health, rape, fetal defects, term physical and/or socioeconomic factors}} {{legend|#64513B|Legal for or illegal with exception for maternal life, psychological healthconsequences of induced abortions.<ref>J.M. Thorp, mental healthJr., rapeK.E. Hartmann, and/or fetal defects}} {{legend|#FA7014|Illegal with exception for maternal lifeE.M. Shadigian, health"Long-Term Physical & Psychological Health Consequences of Induced Abortion: Review of the Evidence, mental health and" 58 OB/or rape}} {{legend|#cc7662|Illegal with exception for maternal lifeGYN Survey 1, health, and/or mental health}} {{legend|#3236D3|Illegal with no exceptions}} {{legend|#B3B3B3|No information}} Vertical stripes at 67-79 (various colours2003): Illegal but unenforced]]</ref>

Before the scientific discovery Suicide rates among women who had abortions are six times higher than women who gave birth in the nineteenth century that human development begins at [[human fertilization|fertilization]],prior year.<ref>{{cite book |author=Garrison, Fielding |url=http://bookswww.googleabortionrecoverycounseling.com/?id=JvoIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA567&dq=fetilization+was+discovered+hertwig |title=An Introduction to the History of Medicine |pages=566–7 |publisher=Saunders |year=1921 |oclc=}}Page8.html</ref> [[English common law]] forbade abortions after "[[quickening]]" Overall, that isdeaths from suicide, homicide and accidents were 248% higher after "an infant is able to stir in the mother's womb."<ref>{{cite book |first=William |last=Blackstone |authorlink=William Blackstone |chapter=Amendment IXabortion, Document 1 |chapterurl=http://pressas found by a 13-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendIXs1.html |title=[[Commentaries on the Laws of England]] |origyear=1765 |year=1979 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |volume=5 |page=388 |isbn=3511090288}}</ref> There was also an earlier period study in England when abortion was prohibited "if the foetus is already formed" but not yet quickened.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Henry de Bracton]] |chapter=The crime Finland of homicide and the divisions into which it falls |editor=George Eits entire population. Woodbine ed.; Samuel Edmund Thorne trans. |title=On the Laws and Customs of England |origyear={{circa|1250}} |year=1968 |accessdate=2008-12-11 |volume=2 |page=341 |url=http://hlsl5.law.harvard.edu/bracton/Unframed/English/v2/341.htm |oclc=1872}}</ref> Both pre- and post-quickening abortions were criminalized by ''[[Lord Ellenborough's Act]]'' in 1803Id.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070918233015/http://members.aol.com/abtrbng/lea.htm |title=Lord Ellenborough’s Act |year=1998 |work=The Abortion Law Homepage |accessdate=2007-02-20}} (via Archive.org)</ref> In 1861, the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] passed the ''[[Offences against the Person Act 1861]]'', which continued to outlaw abortion and served as a model for similar prohibitions in some other nations.<ref>{{cite web |author=United Nations Population Division |year=2002 |url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion |title=Abortion Policies: A Global Review |accessdate=February 22, 2007}}</ref>

The Soviet Union, with legislation in 1920, and [[Iceland]], with legislation in 1935, were two of the first countries to generally allow abortion. The second half of the 20th century saw the liberalization of abortion laws in other countries. The ''[[Abortion Act 1967]]'' allowed abortion for limited reasons in the United Kingdom (except Northern Ireland). In the 1973 case, ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'', the [[Supreme Court of the United States|United States Supreme Court]] struck down , only one state laws banning abortion, ruling (Missouri) requires that such laws violated an implied [[right to privacy]] in the [[United States Constitution]]. The [[Supreme Court abortionist have admitting privileges at a hospital within 30 miles of Canada]], similarly, in the case of ''[[Rabortion. v<ref>Mo. Morgentaler]]'', discarded its criminal code regarding abortion in 1988, after ruling that such restrictions violated the security of person guaranteed to women under the ''[[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]''Rev. Canada later struck down provincial regulations of abortion in the case of ''[[RStat. v§ 188. Morgentaler (1993)]].'' By contrast, [[Abortion in the Republic of Ireland|080 prohibits an abortion in Ireland]] was affected by the addition of an [[Eighth Amendment a physician "who does not have clinical privileges at a hospital which offers obstetrical or gynecological care located within thirty miles of the Constitution of Ireland|amendment]] to location at which the Irish [[Constitution of Ireland|Constitution]] in 1983 by popular referendum, recognizing abortion is performed or induced."</ref> In the right to life of other 49 states, an abortion patient can and often is left without prompt medical care by the unborn"treating physician.

Current laws pertaining to One of the largest abortion are diverse. Religious, moral, and cultural sensibilities continue to influence abortion laws throughout providers in the world. The right to lifeUnited States, the right to liberty, the right to [[security Metropolitan Medical Associates of person]]New Jersey, and the right to [[reproductive rights|reproductive was shut down in 2007 by state health]] are major issues officials after one of human rights that are sometimes used as justification its botched abortions left a 20-year-old woman in a coma for more than four weeks. She "became severely ill following the existence or absence of laws controlling abortionand was transferred to Newark Beth Israel Medical Center where she needed blood transfusions and had her uterus removed. Many countries in which abortion is legal require that certain criteria be met in order for an abortion to be obtained, often, but not always, using She also suffered a trimester-based system stroke due to regulate the window serious blood loss and had one of legality:*In the United States, some states impose a 24-hour waiting period before the procedure, prescribe the distribution of information on [[prenatal development|fetal development]], or require that [[minors and abortion|parents be contacted]] if their minor daughter requests an abortionher lungs collapse."<ref>[http://www.lawserverlifenews.com/abortion Interactive maps comparing Ustate2137.Shtml</ref> The State of New Jersey had shut down the same facility in 1993 also. abortion restrictions by state] LawServer<ref>''Id.''</ref>*In __TOC__ <!--Do not remove this. We want to keep the insights on the United Kingdom, as in some other countries, two doctors must first certify that an abortion is medically or socially necessary before it can be performed.*In Canada, a similar requirement was rejected as unconstitutional in 1988.screen of viewing-->

Other countries, in which abortion is normally illegal, will allow one to be performed in the case of rape, incest, or danger to the pregnant woman's life or health.==Abortion Alternatives==*A few nations ban abortion entirely: [[Abortion in Chile|ChileOptionline]], [[Abortion in El Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Abortion in Malta|Malta]], and [[Abortion in Nicaragua|Nicaragua]], with consequent rises in maternal death directly and indirectly due provides consultants that connects individuals to nearby pregnancy.<ref>{{cite web |title=European delegation visits Nicaragua to examine effects of abortion ban |date=November 26, 2007 |publisher=Ipas |accessdate=2009-06-15| url=httpcenters that offer the following services://www.ipas.org/Library/News/News_Items/European_delegation_visits_Nicaragua_to_examine_effects_of_abortion_ban.aspx }} "More than 82 maternal deaths had been registered in Nicaragua since the change. During this same period, indirect obstetric deaths, or deaths caused by illnesses aggravated by the normal effects of free pregnancy tests and not due to direct obstetric causes, have doubled."</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://insidecostarica.com/special_reports/2008-06/nicaragua_womens_movement.htm |title=NICARAGUA: "The Women’s Movement Is in Opposition" |date=28 June 2008 |place=Montevideo |agency=IPS |publisher=Inside Costa Rica}}</ref> However, in 2006, pregnancy information; Information about the [[Politics risks of Chile|Chilean government]] began abortion and the free distribution of morning after pill; medical services, including [[emergency contraceptionSTD]]tests; early ultrasounds and pregnancy confirmation.<ref>{{cite news |author=Ross, Jen |date=September 12, 2006 |url=http://www.csmonitorpregnancycenters.comorg/2006/0912/p01s04-woam.html |title=In Chile, free morning-after pills to teens |work=The Christian Science Monitor |accessdate=2006-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Gallardoi, Eduardo |date=September 26, 2006 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/26/AR2006092600770.html |title=Morning-After Pill Causes Furor in Chile |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=2006-12-07}}</ref>* In [[Bangladesh]]addition, abortion is illegal, but the government has long supported a network some of "menstrual regulation clinics", where [[menstrual extraction]] ([[manual vacuum aspiration]]) can be performed as menstrual hygienethese centers provide information regarding free housing to women who are facing housing concerns.<ref>{{cite web |title=Surgical Abortion: History and Overview |publisher=National Abortion Federation |accessdate=2006-09-04 |url=http://www.prochoicepregnancycenters.org/education/resources/surg_history_overview.html }}</ref>

In places where The primary alternative to abortion is illegal or carries heavy social stigma, pregnant women may engage in adoption. [[medical tourismLiberty Godparent Foundation]] and travel to countries where they can terminate their pregnancies. Women without is a [[Christian]] organization focused on improving the means to travel can resort to providers lives of illegal abortions or try to do it themselvesunwed pregnant teens, babies and adoptive families by providing two alternatives, The Liberty Godparent Maternity Home and Family Life Services Adoption Agency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Need Abortion, Will Travel |author=Marcy Bloom |date=February 25, 2008 |publisher=RH Reality Check |accessdate=2009-06-15| url=http://www.rhrealitycheckgodparent.org/blog/2008/02/25/need-abortion-will-travel}}index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=59</ref>. [[Catholic Social Services]] provides adoption assistance to people of all beliefs in addition to supporting families in need.

In == Abortion Industry and How It Targets Minority Communities ==[[File:4287336112 d3f9126c99.jpg|right|thumb|325px|According to [[Cybercast News Service]]: "An analysis by the US, about 8% Cybercast News Service compared the location of abortions are performed on women who travel [[Planned Parenthood]] abortion clinics with population data from another statethe U.S. Census in 2000. The results appear to bolster the charge that the organization targets black communities."<ref>{{cite web |title=United States: Percentage of Legal Abortions Obtained by Out-of-State Residents, 2005 |publisher=The Kaiser Family Foundation |accessdate=2009-06-14| url=http://www.statehealthfactscnsnews.kff.orgcom/profileindViewSpecialReports.jspasp?rgnPage=1&cat=10&ind=467}}%5CSpecialReports%5Carchive%5C200502%5CSPE20050207a.html</ref> However(photo obtained from [http://www.flickr.com/photos/muriel215/4287336112/ Flickr, that see Creative commons license agreement)] ]]"Each day '''1,786''' African American children are aborted." According to the [[U.S.]] Census of 2006, African Americans are at 1.96 birth rate which is driven <u>beneath</u> the replacement level of 2.1. <ref>[http://www.christiannewswire.com/news/1685410938.html African American Pro-Life Group Holds Protest at least partly NAACP] Christian News Network, July 13, 2009</ref> At the continued rate, [[racism]] by differing limits on abortion according to gestational age or will decimate the scarcity black population of doctors trained and willing to do later abortionsthe U.S.

"During the 1980s when [[Medical ultrasonography|SonographyPlanned Parenthood]] and [shifted its focus from community-based clinics to school-based clinics, it again targeted inner-city minority neighborhoods...Of the more than 100 school-based clinics that have opened nationwide in the last decade [amniocentesis1980s]] allow parents to determine sex before childbirth, none has been at substantially all-white schools.... The development of this technology None has led to [[sexbeen at suburban middle-selective abortion and female infanticide|sex-selective abortion]]class schools. All have been at black, minority or the targeted termination of female fetusesethnic schools.” <ref>http://www.citizenreviewonline.org/special_issues/population/the_negro_project.htm</ref>

It is suggested Planned Parenthood itself reported that sex-selective abortion might be partially responsible for the noticeable disparities between the birth rates of male and female children its abortions on minorities in some places1991 was 42. The preference for male children is reported in many areas 7% of Asia, and abortion used to limit female births has been reported in China, Taiwan, South Korea, and Indiaits total abortions.<ref>Banister, Judith. (1999-03-16). [http://www.censusewtn.govcom/ipclibrary/wwwPROLIFE/ebspr96aPPRACISM.html Son Preference in Asia – Report TXT</ref>. However, during that time period, minorities comprised only 19.7% of a Symposium]the U. Retrieved 2006-01-12S. population.<ref>http://www.ewtn.com/library/PROLIFE/PPRACISM.TXT</ref>

In India, the economic role of men, the costs associated with According to [[dowry|dowriesCybercast News Service]], and a common Indian tradition which dictates that [[funeral|funeral rites]] must be performed : "An analysis by a male relative have led to a cultural preference for sonsthe Cybercast News Service compared the location of Planned Parenthood abortion clinics with population data from the U.<ref>Mutharayappa, Rangamuthia, Kim Choe, Minja, Arnold, Fred, and Roy, TS.K. (1997). [http://www2.eastwestcenter.org/pop/misc/subj-3.pdf Son Preferences and Its Effect on Fertility Census in India]2000. ''National Family Health Survey Subject Reports, Number 3.'.' Retrieved 2006-01-12.</ref> The widespread availability of diagnostic testing, during results appear to bolster the 1970s and '80s, led to advertisements for services which read, "Invest 500 [[rupee]]s &#91;for a sex test&#93; now, save 50,000 rupees &#91;for a dowry&#93; latercharge that the organization targets black communities."<ref>{{cite journal |first=Rita |last=Patel |year=1996 |month=Fall |title=The practice of sex selective abortion in India: May you be the mother of a hundred sons |journal=Carolina Papers in International Health and Development |volume=7 |url=http://cgiwww.unccnsnews.educom/research/pdf/abortionViewSpecialReports.pdf |formatasp?Page=PDF|accessdate=2008-12-03}}%5CSpecialReports%5Carchive%5C200502%5CSPE20050207a.html</ref> In 1991, the male-to-female [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] in India was skewed from its biological norm == Political Support of 105 to 100, to an average of 108 to 100Abortion ==The most powerful political action committee (PAC) is EMILY’s List.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sudha |first=S. |year=1999 |month=July |title=Female Demographic Disadvantage in India 1981–1991: Sex Selective Abortions and Female Infanticide |journal=Development and Change |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=585–618 |doi=10.1111/1467-7660.00130 |url=http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/organizations/healthnet/gender/docs/sudha.html |archiveurl=http://web.archiveemilyslist.org/webnewsroom/20030101210623releases/http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/organizations/healthnet/gender/docs/sudha20070201.html |archivedate=2003-01-01 |accessdate=2008-12-03 |last2=Rajan |first2=S. Irudaya |pmid=20162850}}</ref> Researchers have asserted that between 1985 and 2005 as many as 10 million female fetuses may have been selectively aborted.<ref>{{cite news |first=Patricia |last=Reaney |publisher=Reuters |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L06779563.htm |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060220072756/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L06779563.htm |archivedate=2006-02-20 |title=Selective abortion blamed for IndiaEMILY's missing girls |accessdate=2008List contributes money to Democratic candidates who support abortion-12on-03}}</ref> The Indian government passed an official ban demand, including forced taxpayer funding of pre-natal sex screening in 1994 and moved to pass a complete ban of sex-selective abortion in 2002.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mudur |first=Ganapati |year=2002 |title=India plans new legislation to prevent sex selection |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=324 |issue=7334 |page=385b |doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7334.385/b}}</ref> EMILY's List candidates also oppose regulations such as:

In the People's Republic of China, there is also a historic son preference. The implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, in response to population concerns, led to an increased disparity in the sex ratio as parents attempted to circumvent the law through sex-selective abortion or the abandonment of unwanted daughters.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Maureen J. |last=Graham |year=1998 |month=June |title=Son Preference in Anhui Province, China |journal=International Family Planning Perspectives |volume=24 |issue=2 |url=http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/2407298.html |accessdate=2008-12-03 |doi=10.2307/2991929 |page=72 |author2=Larsen |author3=Xu}}</ref> Sex-selective abortion might be an influence on the shift from the baseline male-providing health information to-female birth rate to an elevated national rate of 117:100 reported in 2002. The trend was more pronounced in rural regions: as high as 130:100 in [[Guangdong]] and 135:100 in [[Hainan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Plafker |first=Ted |year=2002 |month=May |title=Sex selection in China sees 117 boys born for every 100 girls |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=324 |issue=7348 |page=1233a |doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7348.1233/a |pmid=12028966 |pmc=1123206}}</ref> A ban upon the practice of sex-selective abortion was enacted in 2003.<ref>"[http://www.china.org.cn/english/2003/Mar/59194.htm China Bans Sex-selection Abortion]." (2002-03-22). ''Xinhua News Agency.'.' Retrieved 2006-01-12.</ref>patients;

==In other animals=={{See|Miscarriage#In other animals}}Spontaneous abortion occurs in various animals. For example, in sheep, it may be caused by crowding through doors, or being chased by dogs.<ref>Spencer, James. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=RXMuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=abortion+and+husbandry&source=bl&ots=WjmvGj-fB2&sig=8qH_WrPR08YEwPKr_c6PHDUOMmQ&hl=en&ei=erDbSeSVBoz4MY-F7M4I&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2#PPA124,M1 Sheep Husbandry in Canada]'', p. 124 (1911).</ref> In cows, abortion may be caused by contagious disease, such as [[Brucellosis]] or [[Campylobacter]], but can often be controlled by vaccination.<ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/B/BeefCattleAndBeefProduction/ManagementAndHusbandryOfBeefCattle/en "Beef cattle and Beef production: Management and Husbandry of Beef Cattle”], ''Encyclopaedia of New Zealand'' (1966).</ref> Additionally, many other diseases are known to increase requiring that the risk of miscarriage abortionist have admitting privileges at a nearby hospital in humans case there is a complication; and other animals.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}

Abortion may also be induced in animals, in :providing parental notification if the context of [[animal husbandry]]. For example, abortion may be induced in mares that have been mated improperly, or that have been purchased by owners who did not realize the mares were pregnant, or that are pregnant with twin foals.<ref>McKinnon, Angus et al. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=jlZAT-9VwUIC&pg=PA563&lpg=PA563&dq=%22induce+abortion%22+and+husbandry&source=bl&ots=6T9w3LtpsI&sig=aEYDFpnMIbLaKlstxK1MGK2rxwQ&hl=en&ei=eLTbSY7EO5muMrXUkMkI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Equine Reproduction]'', p. 563 (Wiley-Blackwell 1993)patient is a teenager.</ref>

[[Feticide]] can occur in horses and zebras due Due to male harassment the influence of pregnant mares or forced copulation,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berger|first=Joel W|date=5 May 1983|title=Induced the abortion industry and social factors in wild horses|journal=Nature|location=London|volume=303|pages=59–61|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v303/n5912/abs/303059a0.html|doi=10.1038/303059a0|pmid=6682487|issue=5912}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Pluháček|first=Jan|year=2000|title=Male infanticide in captive plains zebraEMILY's List, Equus burchelli|journal=Animal Behaviour|volume=59|pages=689–694|url=http://af.czu.cz/~bartos/publications/pdf/Pluhacek_Bartos_2000_AB.pdf|doi=10.1006/anbe.1999.1371|pmid=10792924|last2=Bartos|first2=L|issue=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Pluháček|first=Jan|year=2005|title=Further evidence for male infanticide nearly every Democratic presidential candidate and feticide in captive plains zebra, Equus burchelli|journal=Folia Zool.|volume=54|issue=3|pages= 258–262|url=http://www.ivb.cz/folia/54/3/258-262.pdf}}</ref> although the frequency in the wild has been questioned.<ref>{{cite journal|last=JW|first=Fitzpatrick|date=October 1991|title=Changes in herd stallions among feral horse bands and the absence of forced copulation and induced senatorial candidate supports abortion |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin/Heidelberg|volume=29|issue=3|pages=217–219|issn=0340-5443 (Print) 1432on-0762 (Online)|url=http://wwwdemand.springerlink.com/content/k1543n1548987255/}}</ref> Male [[Gray langur]] monkeys may attack females following male takeover "EMILY's List, causing miscarriage.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agoramoorthy |first=G.|date=August 1988|title=Abortions in free ranging Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)—a male induced strategy?|journal=Human Evolution|publisher=Springer|location=Netherlands|volume=3|issue=4|pages=297–308|issn=0393the nation's largest political action committee, continues to be the dominant financial resource for Democratic candidates," its above-9375 (Print) 1824-310X (Online)|url=http://www.springerlinkreferenced website declares.com/content/324g107410293474/}}</ref>

==See also==*[[Abortion fund]]*[[Anti-There is no comparably funded organization opposing abortion violence]]*[[Connolly v, because there are no monetary rewards to defending human life. DPP]]*[[Fetal rights]]*[[Late-term abortion]]*[[Minors Instead, candidates and supporters who oppose abortion]]*[[Paternal rights are motivated by religious and abortion]]*[[Population control]]*[[Self-induced abortion]]*[[Stem cell controversy]]ethical principles.

==ReferencesHistory of Abortion =={{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

''Please also see:'' [[History of abortion]] The father of [[medicine]], [[Hippocrates]], expressly prohibited abortion in his ethical [[Oath]] long before [[Christianity]]. Prior to 1973 abortion was illegal in most of the United States, though a few states (such as Hawaii and New York) allowed it with restrictions.<ref>''A Timeline of Reproductive Rights'' [http://ecampus.bentley.edu/org/wc/reproductiverights.html The Women's Center]</ref> The U.S. Supreme Court's 1973 [[Roe v. Wade]]<ref>Online text of [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=External linksUS&vol=410&page=113 Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)]</ref> decision ruled that abortions are lawful under the [[U.S. Constitution]] up to the point at which the fetus becomes able to survive outside the womb, and an accompanying decision issued the same day captioned [[Doe v. Bolton]] essentially legalized abortion in the unlimited discretion of the abortionist at any time during pregnancy, up to and including birth. Conservatives immediately criticized these decisions as examples of [[Judicial Activism]].{{sisterlinks|In 2008, worldwide there were approximately 115,000 abortions done per day.<ref>http://www.abortionno.org/Resources/fastfacts.html</ref> In 2008, approximately 83% of all abortions were performed in developing countries and 17% occurred in developed countries.<ref>http://www.abortionno.org/Resources/fastfacts.html</ref>  States may regulate abortion}}, such as requiring a 24-hour waiting period and parental consent for minors. Abortion clinics often fail to comply with the health standards of surgical facilities, and States can require compliance (but often do not, resulting in discomfort and harm to the victims of abortion). Many abortionists lack hospital admitting privileges at nearby facilities, so women having complications must go on their own to emergency rooms to see physicians unfamiliar with what actually happened. For any other operation the cost of treating complications is included in the cost of the operation, but for abortions the abortion clinics take their money and typically do not pay for the care of complications. The more pro-abortion the State regulations are, the larger the number of abortion clinics it will have. [[Arizona]], though a pro-life State, has a regulatory system that results in twelve abortion clinics operating within its borders. In contrast, [[Mississippi]] has only one abortion clinic, and [[Missouri]] has only two.  === Adolf Hitler and Abortion ===''For more information see:'' [[Abortion and Adolf Hitler]][[Image:Hitlerspeech.jpg|thumb|290px|right|[[Adolf Hitler]]]]‎In 1942 [[Adolf Hitler]] declared:*{{dmozcquote|HealthIn view of the large families of the Slav native population, it could only suit us if girls and women there had as many abortions as possible. We are not interested in seeing the non-[[German]] population multiply…We must use every means to instill in the population the idea that it is harmful to have several children, the expenses that they cause and the dangerous effect on woman's health… It will be necessary to open special institutions for abortions and doctors must be able to help out there in case there is any question of this being a breach of their professional ethics. <ref>http:/Reproductive_Health/Abortionwww.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007/sep/07090708.html</ref>}}*After [[World War II]], the War Crimes Tribunal indicted ten [[Nazi]] leaders for "encouraging and compelling abortion," which the tribunal considered a "crime against humanity."<ref>http://www.unabortionfacts.orgcom/esaonline_books/populationlove_them_both/publicationswhy_cant_we_love_them_both_25.asp#But%20didn%E2%80%99t%20Hitler%20oppose%20abortion?</abortion ref> ==American Liberals and Abortion Policies==According to the Pew Research Center, American [[liberal]]s are more likely to support pro-abortion views. <ref>http: A Global Review//people-press.org/report/283/pragmatic-americans-liberal-and-conservative-on-social-issues</ref> ==Evolutionary Thought and Abortion==[[Theory of evolution and liberalism|Liberals are more likely to advocate the evolutionary paradigm than conservatives]]. [[Creation Ministries International]] has written that [[evolution|evolutionary]] thinking has contributed to the [[eugenics|eugenic]] idea of aborting babies with defects and has also contributed to erroneous and immoral justifications for abortion.<ref>http://creation.com/abortion-an-indispensable-right-or-violence-against-women-sex-selection-aborting-girls</ref><ref>http://creation.com/human-life-questions-and-answers-abortion-and-euthanasia</ref> ==Ultrasound images== *[http://www.nlmob-ultrasound.nihnet/frames.govhtm*http:/medlineplus/encywww.flickr.com/articlephotos/002912drakelelane/388759116/*http://www.parentingweekly.com/pregnancy/pregnancy_information/ultrasound/13_weeks.htm#Definition MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia*http: Abortion//www.parentingweekly.com/pregnancy/pregnancy_information/ultrasound/ultrasound_3d.htm*http://www.parentingweekly.com/pregnancy/pregnancy_information/ultrasound/triple_jump.htm [[File:2 61 ultrasound.jpg|right|thumb|350px| When an Ohio woman looked at an ultrasound she expected to see a developing baby. Instead, she saw what she believes to be an image of Jesus Christ]]<!== See Also ==*[[Conservapedia:Anti-abortion Project|Conservapedia Anti- HELP KEEP THIS ARTICLE SHORT AND SIMPLEabortion Project]]*[http: ADD LINKS TO WHICHEVER SUB//www.conservapedia.com/Category:Abortion Directory of abortion related articles]*[http://www.investigatemagazine.com/mar3abrt.htm Abortion and breast cancer in New Zealand]*[[Abortion and the Bible]]*[[Abortion and eugenics]]*[[Abortion Facts]]*[[Abortion funding]]*[[Abortion genocide]]*[[Abortion procedures]]*[[Abortion rates by US state]]*[[Abortionist]]*[[Anti Abortion activism: a personal essay]]*[[More News/Abortion|Articles about '''Abortion''' from "More News"]]*[[Culture of life]]*[[Separate Life|Essay on abortion]]*[[Eugenics]]*[[Fetus]]*[[Harvard abortion study]]*[[Abortion breast cancer studies]]*[[Homosexual activists and abortion]]*[[Margaret Sanger]]*[http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/chs/abrpt/2006abrpt.pdf Minnesota official abortion statistics]*[[National Right to Life Committee]]*[[Partial birth abortion]]*[[Planned Parenthood]]*[[Right to life]]*[[Right to life movement]]*[[Sanctity of life]] *[[Silent scream]]*[[Taxpayer-ARTICLE WOULD BE APPROPRIATE INSTEAD OF HEREfunded abortion]] ==External Links==*[http://www. ALSO, PLEASE UNDERSTAND THAT SITES CONTAINING SHOCK MATERIAL SHALL IN NO CASE BE ACCEPTEDabortionfacts. THANKS!!com/ Abortion Facts]*[http://www.carm.org/abortion.htm Abortion] by [[Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry]]*[http://www.lifesitenews.com/ LifeSiteNews.com]*[http://www.ProLifeOnCampus.com/ Pro Life on Campus]*[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/abortion/ What Liberals Say -->Category: Abortion], [[Accuracy In Media]]{{Abortion}}{{Liberalism}} ==References=={{reflist|2}}

'''The following information resources may be created by those with a non-neutral position in the abortion debate[[Category:'''Abortion]]*[http[Category://www.guttmacher.org/ The Guttmacher InstituteSexuality]]*[http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion Johnston's Archive[Category: Abortion Statistics Religion and Other DataPolitics]][[Category:Liberals]][[Category:Featured articles]]