Abu Musab al-Zarqawi

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (Arabic: أبو مصعب الزرقاوي; b. 1966, d. June 7, 2006) was the Jordanian-born Islamic insurgent head of al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Group of Monotheism and Jihad,) which later became al-Qaeda in Iraq and ultimately the Islamic State. A notorious figure associated with Osama bin Laden, he was known for high-profile bombings such as those of the UN office in Bagdad and Shiite Mosques and for bloody assassinations, beheadings of foreign hostages, and mayhem that was intended to drive Iraq into civil war.

Afghanistan

But after the defeat of the Soviets, Zarqawi went back to Jordan with a radical Islamic agenda. He spent seven years in prison in Jordan for conspiring to overthrow the monarchy and establish an Islamic caliphate. He fled Jordan after release.

Iraq

After being chased out of Afghanistan by the U.S. in 2003, Zarqawi relocated his al Qaeda affiliate Group of Monotheism and Jihad to Iraq. By 2004, Zarqawi had already claimed 25 attacks against US and its allied Iraqi forces. His attacks eventually occurred daily until he was killed by a precision U.S. airstike in 2006.