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'''Affirmative action''' refers to policies proposed to remedy the historical effects of race or sex discrimination. This is commonly done by means giving an individual someone a preference or advantage based their [[race]], ethnic backgroundon the color of his/her skin, gender or sexual preference, to reverse the effects of [[gender]]; see [[reverse discrimination]]and often for political motivation. [[Quotas]] are an extreme form of affirmative action. Though [[liberal]]s whine about how bad [[racial profiling]] is, they promote affirmative action, which is essentially the same thing as racial profiling.

The original concept of affirmative action, when introduced by the [[President Johnson|Johnsonadministration]] administration, was that it is desirable to not merely act on non-discrimination passively (i.e., saying "this job is open to any applicant", " but then making no efforts to find minority applicants), but should also be done ''affirmatively''actively, by taking definite actions to find applicants from minorities.

This would be, in its way, admirable. However, in current use, affirmative action goes beyond this, often mandating the use of quotas for setting aside jobs or a portion of college entrance positions for each minority (including also some "so-called minorities" which that are actually majorities).  *The worst feature of such programs is that they are presented to the public as if they were "equal opportunity" programs when they are patently aimed at "equal outcomes" regardless of the merits and abilities of job applicants. [http://www.endeavourforum.org.au/frauds1.htm]  In effect, this means selecting applicants by the color of their skin, precisely what the original concept of non-discrimination forbids. This is sometimes called "reverse discrimination," although this term is rather contradictory - discrimination remains discrimination.

{{cquote|Many whites have become increasingly scornful of black demands, and vehemently reject racial preferences. Most blacks, by contrast, support affirmative action as indispensable to fighting the enduring effects of white racism.<ref>[httphttps://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/endofrac.htm The End of Racism: The White Man's Burden by Dinesh D'Souza]</ref>}}

{{cquote|For most black Americans, the rapid increase of the black middle class, of [[interracial relationship]]s and [[interracial marriage|marriages]], and of blacks in prestigious positions has no bearing on the real state of [[black America]]. Further, they believe, whites’ inability to grasp the unmistakable reality of [[oppression]] is itself proof of [[racism]], while blacks who question that reality are self-deluded. [http://www.city-journal.org/html/11_1_whats_holding_blacks.html]}} Justice Roberts wrote in ''Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1'', 551 U.S. 701 (2007), {{cquote|The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race.}} On August 28, 2007 the United States Commission on Civil Rights released a report that determined that affirmative action can be harmful to minority law school students because students admitted through affirmative action programs are more likely to be unprepared and are thus being set up for failure.<ref>[http://www.usccr.gov/press/2007/AALS82807.pdf U.S. Civil Rights Commission Warns That Affirmative Action Might Harm Minority Law Students]</ref> In March 2013, affirmative action was brought back into the public eye as the United States Supreme Court announced its decision to review the constitutionality of Michigan's voter-enacted law barring schools within the state from giving "preferential treatment" to students on the basis of race.<ref>[http://www.freep.com/article/20130331/NEWS15/130331005/Michigan-affirmative-action-ban-college-admissions-under-scrutiny-Supreme-Court-review]</ref>

On August 28, 2007 the United States Commission on Civil Rights released a report that determined that affirmative action can be harmful to minority law school students due to the fact that many students admitted through affirmative action programs are unprepared and are thus being set up for failure.<ref>==See also==*[[http://www.usccr.gov/press/2007/AALS82807.pdf U.S. Civil Rights Commission Warns That Affirmative Action Might Harm Minority Law StudentsPresident]]*[[Elizabeth Warren]]</ref>