In consumer and employment contracts, arbitration agreements often include class-action waivers, requiring parties to seek relief on an individual basis only. In April 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states like California could not refuse to enforce an agreement to arbitrate with a class-action waiver on the grounds that it would deny class relief (''[[AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion]]'').
The process is overseen by an '''arbitrator''', who is a private, disinterested person chosen by the parties to hear [[evidence]] concerning the dispute and to make an award based on the evidence.
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