Changes

Spain declined. Suspicion that Jews Under the Visigoth, headquartered in Toledo, comprised a fifth of the population and were aiding Muslims soon romanized. A new [[Spanish]] language emerged from latin. The king converted in planning 587 from Arianism to attack led them to be forcibly baptizedthe Roman Catholic faith, and the kingdom followed. Romanism. The great intellectual leader was Bishop [[Isidore of Seville]] (560-636).  In 711, Moors berbers and Arabs crossed over from Africa and defeated the Visigoths, reaching the Pyrennees by 719. However on the other side they were defeated by [[Charles Martel]] at the [[Battle of Tours]], but wars and large raids continued.  The Omayyad Dynasty ruled 756-1031. Christians were tolerated but (as in most Muslim countries), had to pay a special tax and were excluded from political power. Jews were well treated. There were numerous Christian revolts, but they were all suppressed.    attacked. They quickly conquered all of it but the far north. A great culture flourished and religious tolerance generally reigned. Christian kingdoms in the north were buttressed by Charlemagne's conquest of Barcelona and began planning to retake Spain from the heretics. The Reconquista (reconquest) would begin in earnest under El Cid only a few decades before the Crusades.